Translation, adaptation, and validation in portuguese of an acceptance scale for human–robot interaction in an industrial context

Pinto, Ana; Lemos, Letícia; Carvalho, Carla; Santos, Joana; Menezes, Paulo; Nomura, Tatsuya

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/31351

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Abstract(s)

Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies across various industrial domains, is now evolving intoIndustry 5.0, which emphasizes the human perspective, resilience, and sustainability. In this context, the study of humanbehavior and attitudes towards human–robot interaction (HRI) is crucial for understanding the acceptance of this emergingtechnology, which, in turn, can drive the development of more well-designed industrial robotic systems. This paper is aimed attranslating, adapting, and validating a scale designed to measure acceptance in the context of HRI within industrial settings,with a focus on collaborative robots (cobots). To conduct an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 140 participants (male = 45%,female = 52%, and nonbinary = 3%) were recruited. The results revealed a four-factor structure for the Frankenstein SyndromeQuestionnaire–Industrial Context (FSQ-IC): “general anxiety towards cobots” (α = 0 87), “trustworthiness towards developersof cobots” (α = 0 83), “apprehension towards cobots in the industrial context” (α = 0 73), and “expectation of cobots in socialchange” (α = 0 69). For further validation and to help ensure the validity and reliability of the adapted scale, a conﬁrmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) was conducted with a sample of 210 participants (male = 45%, female = 53%, and nonbinary = 2%). Themodel ﬁt indices, including a χ2/df of 3.14 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.10, indicated anacceptable ﬁt. The goodness-of-ﬁt index (GFI), comparative ﬁt index (CFI), and normed ﬁt index (NFI) were 0.88, 0.90, and0.86, respectively, all within acceptable ranges. Convergent and discriminant validities were also analyzed. An analysis of thediﬀerences in perceptions of acceptance based on sociodemographic variables (gender, experience with robots, educationallevel, and age) was conducted. Only gender revealed signiﬁcant diﬀerences. Considering the psychometric qualities of theinstrument, the FSQ-IC is valid and reliable for assessing acceptance in HRI.

Keywords

Collaborative robots Factor analysis Frankenstein Syndrome Questionnaire (FSQ) Psychometric evaluation

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/31351

Citation

Pinto, A., Lemos, L., Carvalho, C., Santos, J., Menezes, P., & Nomura, T. (2025). Translation, Adaptation, and Validation in Portuguese of an Acceptance Scale for Human–Robot Interaction in an Industrial Context. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2025(1), 8816379. https://doi.org/10.1155/hbe2/8816379