Logo do repositório

Percorrer por autor "Carvalhido, Ana"

A mostrar 1 - 2 de 2
  • Elemental impurities in lipsticks: Results from a survey of the Portuguese and Brazilian markets
    Publication . Pinto, Edgar; Paiva, Kainá; Carvalhido, Ana; Almeida, Agostinho
    For safety reasons, European regulations prohibit the use of a long list of metal(loid)s as ingredients of cosmetic products. However, their presence as impurities in finished products is virtually unavoidable, even under GMP conditions. This study aimed at determining the elemental profile of lipsticks available in the Portuguese and Brazilian markets. A total of 96 lipsticks were purchased in Brazil (n = 53; 9 brands) and Portugal (n = 43; 7 brands) and the content of 44 elements was determined. Results ranged from <1 μg/g to several tens of μg/g (e.g., Sn, Mn, Zn). Significant differences were found between Portuguese and Brazilian products for several elements, particularly for Pb. For the elements of major toxicological concern (Pb, Cd, As, Sb, Hg), mean values were always below the current limits set by the German competent authority. However, a significant percentage of exceedances were observed for Pb (24%) and Cd (21%). A safety assessment was carried out for the toxicologically relevant elements. Results showed that, except for Pb, the systemic exposure resulting from lipstick use represents less than 0.2% (ca. 3% for Pb) of the respective permitted daily exposure even in the worst-case scenario (i.e., ingestion of the total amount of product applied).
    2018Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Lead in lipsticks: results from a study on products manufactured in Brazil and Portugal
    Publication . Carvalhido, Ana; Paiva, Kainá; Pinto, Edgar; Ramos, Patrícia; Almeida, Agostinho
    Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in the environment and can be present in varying amounts in all raw materials. Due to its well-known toxicity, human exposure to products containing Pb must be limited. At the end of the 2000s, several reports on the presence of Pb in lipsticks at levels that would pose safety concerns were published in the media and on the internet. A scientific paper published in 2009 also reported very high Pb levels (reaching 3700 ppm) in lipsticks (manufactured in China and available on the Saudi Arabia market). This led to FDA scientists to develop and validate an analytical procedure for Pb determination in lipstick and, later, to perform a survey of the U.S. market. This study, published in 2012, found an average Pb content in the 400 lipsticks tested of 1.11 ppm, with results ranging from the detection limit (0.026 ppm) to 7.19 ppm. In 2013, the results of a European survey on the content of Pb in lipsticks were also published. On average, the Pb content found was 0.75 ppm (max. 3.75 ppm).
    2014-09Documento de conferência Acesso aberto Ver mais