Browsing by Author "Becker, Matthias"
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- Contention-Free Execution of Automotive Applications on a Clustered Many-Core PlatformPublication . Becker, Matthias; Dasari, Dakshina; Nikolic, Borislav; Åkesson, Benny; Nelis, Vincent; Nolte, ThomasNext generations of compute-intensive real-time applications in automotive systems will require more powerful computing platforms. One promising power-efficient solution for such applications is to use clustered many-core architectures. However, ensuring that real-time requirements are satisfied in the presence of contention in shared resources, such as memories, remains an open issue. This work presents a novel contention-free execution framework to execute automotive applications on such platforms. Privatization of memory banks together with defined access phases to shared memory resources is the backbone of the framework. An Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation is presented to find the optimal time-triggered schedule for the on-core execution as well as for the access to shared memory. Additionally a heuristic solution is presented that generates the schedule in a fraction of the time required by the ILP. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed heuristic performs only 0.5% away from the optimal solution while it outperforms a baseline heuristic by 67%. The applicability of the approach to industrially sized problems is demonstrated in a case study of a software for Engine Management Systems.
- Investigation on AUTOSAR-Compliant Solutions for Many-Core ArchitecturesPublication . Becker, Matthias; Dasari, Dakshina; Nelis, Vincent; Behnam, Moris; Pinho, Luís Miguel; Nolte, ThomasAs of today, AUTOSAR is the de facto standard in the automotive industry, providing a common software architec- ture and development process for automotive applications. While this standard is originally written for singlecore operated Elec- tronic Control Units (ECU), new guidelines and recommendations have been added recently to provide support for multicore archi- tectures. This update came as a response to the steady increase of the number and complexity of the software functions embedded in modern vehicles, which call for the computing power of multicore execution environments. In this paper, we enumerate and analyze the design options and the challenges of porting AUTOSAR-based automotive applications onto multicore platforms. In particular, we investigate those options when considering the emerging many- core architectures that provide a more scalable environment than the traditional multicore systems. Such platforms are suitable to enable massive parallel execution, and their design is more suitable for partitioning and isolating the software components.
- Maintenance 4.0 World of Integrated InformationPublication . Jantunen, Erkki; di Orio, Giovanni; Hegedus, Csaba; Varga, Pal; Moldovan, Istvan; Larrinaga, Felix; Becker, Matthias; Albano, Michele; Maló, PedroThe Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) strategy has got new, powerful toolset recently: the concepts of Internet of Things (IoT) and CyberPhysical Systems (CPS). These can provide flexible but powerful data collection and analysis methods for Proactive and Predictive Maintenance. In the landscape of new digitalization and interconnection of products, services, processes, enterprises and people, IoT/CPS-based platforms are increasing in their size and target applications in a steady manner. Beside the fundamental research challenges regarding the reference architecture, interoperability, performance, quality and deployment issues, the challenges regarding system maintenance are also burning. There are various issues that are specific to the maintenance domain: interoperability and data flow management, data representation models, and data processing models and tools. The paper describes a maintenance reference architecture and platform, which aims to tackle all these challenges. The architecture suggested by the MANTIS project covers edge and cloud level interoperability, data flow management, and data processing issues. Furthermore, it provides domain-specific methods for root cause analysis, failure prediction, and models for predicting remaining useful life. The architecture is strengthened by the concept of MIMOSA, a data model definition that allows data representation models that are easy to fit into relational object and information management models required by CBM. The MANTIS platform utilizes the Arrowhead framework for tackling interoperability and integrability issues.
- Partitioning and Analysis of the Network-on-Chip on a COTS Many-Core PlatformPublication . Becker, Matthias; Nikolic, Borislav; Dasari, Dakshina; Åkesson, Benny; Nélis, Vincent; Behnam, Moris; Nolte, ThomasMany-core processors can provide the computational power required by future complex embedded systems. However, their adoption is not trivial, since several sources of interference on COTS many-core platforms have adverse effects on the resulting performance. One main source of performance degradation is the contention on the Network-on-Chip, which is used for communication among the compute cores via the offchip memory. Available analysis techniques for the traversal time of messages on the NoC do not consider many of the architectural features found on COTS platforms. In this work, we target a state-of-the-art many-core processor, the Kalray MPPA. A novel partitioning strategy for reducing the contention on the NoC is proposed. Further, we present an analysis technique dedicated to the proposed partitioning strategy, which considers all architectural features of the COTS NoC. Additionally, it is shown how to configure the parameters for flow-regulation on the NoC, such that the Worst-Case Traversal Time (WCTT) is minimal and buffers never overflow. The benefits of our approach are evaluated based on extensive experiments that show that contention is significantly reduced compared to the unconstrained case, while the proposed analysis outperforms a state-of-the-art analysis for the same platform. An industrial case study shows the tightness of the proposed analysis.
- Partitioning the Network-on-Chip to Enable Virtualization on Many-Core ProcessorsPublication . Becker, Matthias; Dasari, Dakshina; Nélis, Vincent; Behnam, Moris; Nolte, ThomasIn this paper, we highlight some key problems in NoC based architectures that must be addressed before the deployment of real-time applications onto these platforms becomes possible. A paradigm shift from function centric to data and communication centric approaches is required. Combining hardware and software based flow-regulation seems to be the only way to ensure that NoCs go beyond the best-effort service and address the requirements of diverse applications.