Percorrer por autor "Barros, Carla"
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- Burnout among healthcare workers: Insights for holistic well-beingPublication . Fernandes, Carina; Barros, Carla; Baylina, Pilar; BAYLINA MACHADO, PILARIn the healthcare sector, burnout has become a critical concern due to high job demands and emotional strain. The main objective of the study is to examine the predictive role of psychosocial work-related risks in the development of burnout. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using a snowball recruitment method, from May to September 2025, among 154 healthcare workers. Data were collected using the psychosocial risk factors scale (INSAT_ERPS) and the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the predictive role of the psychosocial risk on burnout dimensions. Psychosocial risk factors are consistently linked to the development of burnout symptoms. For exhaustion, the predictors included Working Hours (β = 0.312, p < 0.001), Social Work Relations (β = 0.196, p = 0.026), and Emotional Demands (β = 0.295, p = 0.002). For mental distance, the predictors included Work Intensity (β = −0.193, p = 0.049), Emotional Demands (β = 0.294, p = 0.004), and Work Values (β = 0.348, p = 0.003). For cognitive impairment, Work Values (β = 0.240, p = 0.042) and for emotional impairment, Employment Relations (β = 0.182, p = 0.038) emerged only one significant positive predictor. Findings underscore a crucial understanding: the development of burnout is not solely determined by the workload intensity, or the number of hours worked, the quality of working life and the dynamics within the workplace play pivotal roles in predicting burnout. A multidomain evaluation aligns with a holistic well-being approach to well-being by emphasizing that enhancing healthcare workers’ health demands systemic interventions addressing psychosocial work environment.
- Development and validation of a health and work survey based on the rasch model among portuguese WorkersPublication . Barros, Carla; Cunha, Liliana; Baylina, Pilar; Oliveira, Alexandra; Rocha, ÁlvaroThe purpose of this study was to develop the Health and Work Survey (INSAT) and examine the validity of the discomfort rating scale. Data were collected from 706 Portuguese workers from six economic sectors with the support of the Health and Work Survey (INSAT - Inquérito Saúde e Trabalho). The INSAT is a self-administered questionnaire to assessing working conditions, health and wellbeing, and to provide information to the occupational health systems in the organisations. For the survey instrument validation, the Rasch Partial Credit Model (PCM) was used to analyse item fit statistics. From the application of PCM, Person Separation Reliability was obtained (0.8761) and the value can be considered very good (>0.8). From the statistical analysis, the Overall Model fit information, given by Outfit Mean square/Infit Mean square, is between 0.5 and 1.5, meaning "Productive for measurement" and "acceptable fit overall". The INSAT items can generate predictable response patterns. We recommend that the INSAT discomfort rating scale and some other items should be reviewed in future works. In any event, this tool proves to be useful in assessing the relationship between work and health and in evaluating key main risk factors, helping to prevent problems and improving occupational health systems.
- Disclosing strain: How psychosocial risk factors influence work-related musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare workers preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemicPublication . Barros, Carla; Baylina, PilarHealthcare workers, particularly nurses, engage in a daily work routine that takes a toll on their emotional well-being, rendering them vulnerable to psychosocial risk factors. This research seeks to analyse the influence of psychosocial risk factors on the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. An additional analysis was performed to understand the role of age in work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the perception of psychosocial risk factors. The study was conducted during two separate periods—pre-pandemic and pandemic times—involving a sample of 456 nurses from both public and private hospitals in Portugal. The INSAT—Health and Work Survey—was used as measuring instrument. The primary observations indicated a consistency between psychosocial risk factors and the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The findings revealed a significant exposure to psychosocial risk factors, with work pace, intensity, work relationships, and emotional demands exhibiting higher global average percentages during both periods, pre-pandemic and pandemic. Nonetheless, we find that the psychosocial risk factors change when we analyse the pre-pandemic and pandemic results. During the period before the pandemic, the psychosocial risk factors that were most commonly reported included the demanding pace of work, long working hours, and emotional demands. Through the pandemic, the most pronounced psychosocial risk factors were work relationships, employment relationships, and ethical and values conflicts. Therefore, research in this domain is essential to understanding psychosocial risk factors and assessing the less obvious links between work and health.
- Healthcare workers’ mental health in pandemic times: the predict role of psychosocial risksPublication . Barros, Carla; Baylina, Pilar; Fernandes, Rúben; Ramalho, Susana; Arezes, PedroHealthcare workers perform an emotionally exhausting daily work activity, making them prone to occupational hazards, namely psychosocial ones. This study aims to assess the impact of psy chosocial risk factors on healthcare workers’ mental health. A cross-sectional study was developed between May and June of 2021 with 479 healthcare workers from Portuguese hospitals. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to assess mental health, and psychosocial risks were assessed through the Health and Work Survey e INSAT. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the psychosocial risk factors related to anxiety, depression, and stress. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression was performed to identify the models that better explained psychosocial risk factors’ relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress. Data showed a strong exposure to psychosocial risks. Work pace and intensity, work relation ships, and emotional demands stood out with higher global average percentages for yes answers to “exposure and discomfort.” The analysis of the b values and p-values from the multiple linear regression shows that some cross-sectional psychosocial risks are predictors of anxiety and stress dimensions, and other psychosocial risks differ in the two mental health dimensions. However, it is important to highlight that healthcare workers still showed great joy and pleasure in performing their work activities. Support network development in the work environment is needed to prevent healthcare workers’ emotional stress and promote their psychological well-being. Therefore, new research is essential to understand the psychosocial risks that affect healthcare workers and assess the less visible effects of workehealth relationships
- Healthcare Workers: Occupational Health Promotion and Patient SafetyPublication . Baylina, Pilar; Barros, Carla; Fonte, Carla; Alves, Sónia; Rocha, ÁlvaroThe purpose of the present study was to explore the relation of work-related risk factors and well-being among healthcare workers and the impact on patient safety, using the Health and Work Survey (INSAT) and Mental Health Continuum - Short Form (MHC-SF). A sample of 361 Portuguese healthcare workers participated in this study. The results indicate some significant work-related risk factors: for emotional well-being, Impossible to express myself (β = -0.977), Not having recognition by superiors (β = -1.028) and Have to simulate good mood and/or empathy (β = -1.007); for social well-being, Exposed to the risk of sexual discrimination (β = -2.088), Career progress is almost impossible (β = -1.518), and Have to hide my emotions (β = -2.307); finally for psychological well-being Exposed to the risk of sexual discrimination (β = -2.153), Career progress is almost impossible (β = -1.377), and Have to simulate good mood and/or empathy (β = -3.201). The results showed high levels of well-being despite the exposure of several risk factors at workplace. Regarding the work-related risk factors, the study showed that most of the participants are exposed to several risk factors at workplace (ranging from environmental risk factors, biological to physical), although psychosocial risk factors (work relations with superiors and colleagues, employment relations, and emotional demands) are the ones that most impact on well-being.
- Impact of work and personal life conciliation problems on healthcare workersPublication . Fonte, Carla; Barros, Carla; Baylina, Pilar; Alves, Sónia; Moreira, Paulo; BAYLINA MACHADO, PILARWork life balance, a significant issue in the healthcare sector, recognizes that individuals are engaged in several tasks in their private and professional lives. Literature highlights the harmful consequences of conflicts between personal and professional life for organizations and workers. This study investigates the prevalence of work life balance problems and presence of psychosocial work factors and analyzes their impact on health complaints in the Portuguese healthcare sector. A cross-sectional study of 640 healthcare professionals was conducted using two data collection instruments: INSAT (Inquérito Saúde e Trabalho), a health and work survey to assess psychosocial work factors, and the Portuguese version of the Nottingham Health Profile that evaluates the subjective physical, emotional, and social aspects of health. The data show that healthcare professionals have a very high prevalence of work life balance problems and are exposed to several psychosocial risk factors including high demands and work intensity, working hours, emotional demands, and work characteristics. These experiences are related to professionals’ health revealing a state of emotional vulnerability. Thus, Portuguese health organizations should formulate appropriate workplace policy to reduce work life conflict and enable employees to be more effective in their work and other roles.
- A influência dos fatores psicossociais de risco no desenvolvimento de lesões músculo-esqueléticasPublication . Correia, Josefina; Barros, Carla; Baylina, PilarOs profissionais de saúde e, mais concretamente, os enfermeiros realizam diariamente uma atividade de trabalho desgastante e emocionalmente exaustiva, o que a torna suscetível à exposição de riscos ocupacionais, nomeadamente, riscos psicossociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores psicossociais de risco e explorar os preditores no desenvolvimento de lesões músculo-esqueléticas. Participaram neste estudo 105 enfermeiros e os resultados identificaram o elevado ritmo e intensidade de trabalho, os tempos de trabalho, as relações de emprego e os níveis altos de exigência emocional, fatores significativos, ao nível da saúde. Foram identificados preditores de lesões músculo-esqueléticas, mais concretamente: Gerir instruções contraditórias (OR=20,43), depender dos pedidos diretos dos doentes (OR=39,948); ultrapassar o horário normal de trabalho (OR=4,822), e ter que simular boa disposição e/ou empatia (OR= 7,359). É importante desenvolver melhores práticas organizacionais para diminuir este problema de saúde que afeta uma elevada percentagem de enfermeiros.
- Psychometric validation of the European Portuguese version of The Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (FACs)Publication . Fernandes, Carina; Baylina, Pilar; Barbosa, Fernando; Barros, Carla; BAYLINA MACHADO, PILARFatigue and “brain fog” are symptoms that may arise from lifestyle factors and various clinical conditions. Despite their significant impact on daily functioning, there is a lack of psychometrically robust instruments to measure their co-occurrence. The Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (FACs) was developed to address this gap, allowing the assessment of central fatigue and cognitive complaints commonly referred to as brain fog. In the present study, we translated, culturally adapted, and validated the FACs for European Portuguese. A sample of 591 Portuguese-speaking adults completed the Portuguese version of the FACs, along with the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS). Confirmatory Factor Analysis tested the factorial structure, and internal consistency and convergent validity were also evaluated. A bifactor model demonstrated the presence of a general factor underlying all items. Internal consistency was excellent, and the FACs exhibited strong positive correlations with both the BAT and the DASS. Moreover, the FACs demonstrated strong criterion-related validity through its significant and robust associations with burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress. Our findings establish the FACs as a valid, reliable, and efficient instrument for both clinical and research applications within European Portuguese contexts.
- Psychosocial risk factors and burnout among teachers: Can emotional intelligence make a difference?Publication . Barros, Carla; Fernandes, Carina; Baylina, Pilar; BAYLINA MACHADO, PILARTeaching is a complex profession that demands simultaneous cognitive and emotional efforts. The present study aims to determine whether teachers’ emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and burnout. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 215 secondary school teachers. Measurement instruments included the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) to assess burnout dimensions; the Health and Work Survey (INSAT) to evaluate psychosocial risk factors; and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS-P) to assess emotional intelligence. A mediation/moderation analysis using the PROCESS macro was conducted to examine whether emotional intelligence mediates/moderates the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and burnout among teachers. The results show that psychosocial risk was a significant positive predictor of burnout (B = 0.313, p = 0.001), indicating that higher perceived risk was associated with higher burnout symptoms. Emotional intelligence did not significantly predict burnout on its own (B = 0.176, p = 0.364), and the interaction term (psychosocial risk × emotional intelligence) was not significant (B = 0.000, p = 0.995), suggesting that emotional intelligence does not moderate the relationship between psychosocial risks and burnout. These findings underscore a more holistic approach to address burnout, centered in intervention strategies that include a deeper analysis of organizational context determinants.
- Psychosocial risks factors among psychologists: What are we talking about?Publication . Barros, Carla; Baylina, Pilar; Fonte, Carla; Alves, SóniaMental health professionals, as psychologists, have a demanding and emotionally exhausting profession, which makes it susceptible to occupational risks, namely psychosocial risks. Three areas of psychology practice, Clinical and Health Psychology, Work and Organizational Psychology, and Education Psychology are expose to different working contexts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychosocial risks factors and their differences between the three psychology specialties. 339 psychologists participated in the study and results suggest significant differences in terms of high demands and work intensity, working hours, work and employment relations, ethical and values conflicts and work characteristics. In conclusion, this study allows a better understanding to provide strategies for preventing and reducing the incidence of psychosocial risks among psychologists.