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Sistema de apoio à decisão para otimização de contenção de derrames de petróleo
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Os derrames de petróleo em ambiente marinho constituem uma ameaça significativa para os ecossistemas, a saúde pública e a economia, exigindo respostas rápidas e eficazes. Apesar dos avanços na prevenção, os incidentes continuam a ocorrer, sublinhando a necessidade de ferramentas que apoiem a tomada de decisão. Neste contexto, esta dissertação aborda esta lacuna através do desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Apoio à Decisão (SAD) para otimização da contenção de derrames de petróleo, projetado para integrar a modelação físico química do petróleo, os fatores meteo-oceanográficos e a eficácia de diferentes barreiras de contenção (booms), que são a primeira linha de defesa. O sistema foi construído a partir da extensão do modelo de código aberto OpenDrift, com a criação da classe OpenOilWithBooms, que permite simular a interação entre o óleo derramado
e barreiras de contenção, incorporando os modos de falha hidrodinâmicos mais relevantes. Complementarmente, foi desenvolvida uma interface gráfica, que possibilita a parametrização de cenários, a definição de estratégias de posicionamento de barreiras e a análise visual dos resultados. A robustez e a consistência física do modelo foram asseguradas através de um conjunto de testes de verificação e de uma validação qualitativa, que confirmaram que o comportamento do sistema se alinha com os princípios teóricos e as observações empíricas da literatura. A aplicação da ferramenta a um estudo de caso demonstrou o seu potencial para a análise do benefício de diferentes estratégias de resposta, fornecendo aos decisores uma base
quantitativa para otimizar a alocação de recursos em cenários de emergência. A abordagem metodológica baseou-se no paradigma Design Science Research (DSR). Tal escolha revelou-se crucial para permitir uma articulação eficaz entre a formulação do problema, a construção do artefacto e a subsequente validação do seu contributo científico e prático. Este trabalho constitui assim um protótipo funcional que demonstra o potencial da simulação operacional como ferramenta de apoio à decisão em cenários de derrame de petróleo. Embora
se encontre numa fase inicial, o sistema já oferece uma base quantitativa sólida para a avaliação de estratégias de contenção e para a exploração de cenários realistas pelo que se configura como um ponto de partida robusto para futuros desenvolvimentos. Naturalmente, existem diversas vias para a sua futura expansão, o valor do sistema enquanto alicerce para investigações futuras é reforçado pela possibilidade de se proceder ao refinamento dos modelos físicos, à incorporação de novos métodos de resposta ou à aplicação de técnicas de
análise avançadas de inteligência artificial.
Oil spills in the marine environment pose a significant threat to ecosystems, public health, and the economy, demanding rapid and effective responses. Despite advances in prevention, incidents continue to occur, highlighting the need for tools to support decision making. In this context, this dissertation addresses this gap by developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for optimizing oil spill containment, designed to integrate the physico-chemical modeling of oil, meteo-oceanographic factors, and the effectiveness of different containment booms, which serve as the first line of defense. The system was built by extending the open source model OpenDrift, creating the OpenOilWithBooms class, which allows for the simulation of the interaction between spilled oil and containment booms by incorporating the most relevant hydrodynamic failure modes. Additionally, a graphical user interface was developed, enabling scenario parameterization, the definition of boom deployment strategies, and the visual analysis of results. The model's robustness and physical consistency were ensured through a suite of verification tests and qualitative validation, which confirmed that the system's behavior aligns with theoretical principles and empirical observations from literature. The tool's application to a case study demonstrated its potential for the cost-benefit analysis of different response strategies, providing decision makers with a quantitative basis to optimize resource allocation in emergency scenarios. The methodological approach was based on the Design Science Research (DSR) paradigm. This choice proved crucial for effectively integrating the problem formulation, artifact construction, and the subsequent validation of its scientific and practical contribution. This work thus constitutes a functional prototype that demonstrates the potential of operational simulation as a decision support tool in oil spill scenarios. Although in an early stage, the system already provides a solid quantitative basis for evaluating containment strategies and exploring realistic scenarios, establishing it as a robust starting point for future developments. Its value as a foundation for future research is reinforced by clear avenues for expansion, such as refining the physical models, incorporating new response methods, and applying advanced artificial intelligence techniques.
Oil spills in the marine environment pose a significant threat to ecosystems, public health, and the economy, demanding rapid and effective responses. Despite advances in prevention, incidents continue to occur, highlighting the need for tools to support decision making. In this context, this dissertation addresses this gap by developing a Decision Support System (DSS) for optimizing oil spill containment, designed to integrate the physico-chemical modeling of oil, meteo-oceanographic factors, and the effectiveness of different containment booms, which serve as the first line of defense. The system was built by extending the open source model OpenDrift, creating the OpenOilWithBooms class, which allows for the simulation of the interaction between spilled oil and containment booms by incorporating the most relevant hydrodynamic failure modes. Additionally, a graphical user interface was developed, enabling scenario parameterization, the definition of boom deployment strategies, and the visual analysis of results. The model's robustness and physical consistency were ensured through a suite of verification tests and qualitative validation, which confirmed that the system's behavior aligns with theoretical principles and empirical observations from literature. The tool's application to a case study demonstrated its potential for the cost-benefit analysis of different response strategies, providing decision makers with a quantitative basis to optimize resource allocation in emergency scenarios. The methodological approach was based on the Design Science Research (DSR) paradigm. This choice proved crucial for effectively integrating the problem formulation, artifact construction, and the subsequent validation of its scientific and practical contribution. This work thus constitutes a functional prototype that demonstrates the potential of operational simulation as a decision support tool in oil spill scenarios. Although in an early stage, the system already provides a solid quantitative basis for evaluating containment strategies and exploring realistic scenarios, establishing it as a robust starting point for future developments. Its value as a foundation for future research is reinforced by clear avenues for expansion, such as refining the physical models, incorporating new response methods, and applying advanced artificial intelligence techniques.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Computational modeling Containment booms Decision support Oil spills OpenDrift Operational simulation Derrames de petróleo Barreiras de contenção Simulação operacional Apoio à decisão Modelação computacional