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Unveiling Lichen’s Hidden Arsenal against multidrug resistance: A Systematic Review of their essential oils, volatile compounds and extracts with antimicrobial applications

2026-04-20Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorEssadki, Yasser
dc.contributor.authorEl Amrani Zerrifi, Soukaina
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Maria de Fátima
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.contributor.authorVasconcelos, Vitor
dc.contributor.authorCampos, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorEl Khalloufi, Fatima
dc.contributor.authorOudra, Brahim
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Rosário
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Rosario
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-27T14:38:13Z
dc.date.available2026-04-27T14:38:13Z
dc.date.issued2026-04-20
dc.description.abstractThe increase in multidrug resistance in microorganisms and the rise of emergent infectious diseases worldwide is a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, research on new molecules with antibiotic potential is a priority. Lichens have a unique secondary metabolism with relatively untapped potential, yet their essential oils (EOs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remain a relatively untapped resource. This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with a comprehensive search performed in the Web of Science database for studies published up to 2023. From 254 identified records, six studies involving nine lichen species (Evernia prunastri, Evernia divaricata, Cladonia rangiformis, Cladonia furcata, Parmotrema perlatum, Lichina pygmaea, Parmelia perlata, Hypogymnia physodes, and Parmelia sulcata) met the eligibility criteria. The synthesized data show that these volatile fractions possess significant antimicrobial potential, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) generally lower than 1 mg/mL. Major bioactive constituents identified include atraric acid, orsellinates, and various sesquiterpenes. While the current evidence highlights a strong potential of lichen volatiles against pathogens, research is limited to a small fraction of known species. This review identifies a critical gap in testing these compounds directly against MDR clinical isolates and suggests that future research should focus on high-biomass species and the heterologous expression of lichen biosynthetic genes to develop sustainable antimicrobial applications.eng
dc.identifier.citationEssadki, Y., Zerrifi, S. E. A., Carvalho, M. de F., Barros, L., Vasconcelos, V., Campos, A., Khalloufi, F. E., Oudra, B., & Martins, R. (2026). Unveiling Lichen’s Hidden Arsenal against multidrug resistance: A Systematic Review of their essential oils, volatile compounds and extracts with antimicrobial applications. Microorganisms, 14(4), 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14040924
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/microorganisms14040924
dc.identifier.eissn2076-2607
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/32307
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationCIMO, UIDB/00690/2025; UIDP/00690/2025
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/14/4/924
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectLichens
dc.subjectEssential oils
dc.subjectVolatile organic compounds (VOCs)
dc.subjectSystematic review
dc.subjectPRISMA 2020
dc.subjectMultidrug resistance
dc.subjectAntimicrobial activity
dc.subjectSecondary metabolites
dc.titleUnveiling Lichen’s Hidden Arsenal against multidrug resistance: A Systematic Review of their essential oils, volatile compounds and extracts with antimicrobial applicationseng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.titleMicroorganisms
oaire.citation.volume14
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMartins
person.givenNameRosario
person.identifier.ciencia-idA919-DB40-EF10
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9882-4651
person.identifier.scopus-author-id21834368700
relation.isAuthorOfPublication82a7c349-c88e-450f-adc7-3331d69149cf
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery82a7c349-c88e-450f-adc7-3331d69149cf

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