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Abstract(s)
Desde o início do novo século é notável um elevado crescimento das fontes de energia primárias renováveis, com tendência a serem utilizadas para autoconsumo. Consequentemente, as fontes de origem não renovável são gradualmente substituídas, devido à escassez e poluição que provocam comparativamente com as renováveis. A tecnologia solar híbrida constitui uma interessante opção para o autoconsumo, uma vez que é capaz de converter a energia solar em energia térmica e elétrica. Neste contexto, foi elaborada a presente dissertação com base na atividade da empresa de engenharia Filotipo, com o propósito de dimensionar um sistema solar híbrido para autoconsumo. Para isso realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre as tecnologias de conversão de energia dos painéis solares híbridos, especificamente o produto da Abora Solar, contextualização do panoráma técnico e legislativo atual para fornecimento de eletricidade, águas quentes sanitárias (AQS) e sistemas solares para autoconsumo e, por fim, como proceder a um dimensionamento adequado para este tipo de sistemas. Desenvolveu-se um caso de estudo para a Unidade de Alojamento de Hotelaria dos Serviços de Ação Social do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra. Procedeu-se à avaliação do local de instalação, como a sua orientação, exposição solar, e a área disponível para a implantação. Foram apresentados os consumos energéticos da unidade, abordando todos os aspetos relevantes para a sua análise. Estimou-se que a percentagem média de gás natural utilizado para AQS situa-se por volta dos 30%. Na residência Bencanta o consumo médio foi 15506 kWh e na Quinta da Nora 10945 kWh. Relativamente ao consumo elétrico, estimou-se que a potência média anual em Bencanta foi 14,67 kW e na Quinta da Nora 15,04 kW. Posteriormente, dimensionou-se a instalação: número de painéis híbridos, depósitos e inversores, recorrendo-se ao software da Abora Solar como complemento. Concluiu-se que uma instalação de 44 painéis híbridos em Bencanta e 52 em Quinta da Nora se traduz numa poupança total de cerca de 15195 € nas faturas energéticas e evita a emissão de 85 toneladas de CO2, em cada ano. Para esta instalação são necessários dois depósitos de 2500 litros e dois inversores de 8 kW em Bencanta; na Quinta da Nora, quatro depósitos de 1300 litros e quatro inversores de 5 kW. Para terminar, o projeto foi avaliado economicamente. Estimou-se um investimento inicial e total de 174 200€. O valor atual líquido (406 125 €) foi positivo, a taxa interna de retorno (23 %) elevada e o índice de rentabilidade (1,46) positivo, o que indica que o projeto é economicamente viável e rentável, proporcionando lucros. Quanto ao pay-back period, o capital investido será recuperado ao fim de 6 anos, dentro da vida útil do projeto.
Since the beginning of the new century a high growth of renewable primary energy sources is noticeable, with a tendency to be used for self-consumption. Consequently, sources of non-renewable origin are gradually replaced, due to the shortage and pollution they cause compared to renewable ones. Hybrid solar technology is an interesting option for self-consumption, since it is able to convert solar energy into thermal and electrical energy. In this context, the present dissertation was elaborated based on the activity of the engineering company Filotipo, with the purpose of sizing a hybrid solar system for selfconsumption. A literature review was conducted on the energy conversion technologies of hybrid solar panels, specifically the Abora Solar product, contextualization of the current technical and legislative overview for electricity supply, domestic hot water (DHW) and solar systems for self-consumption and, finally, how to proceed with an appropriate sizing for this type of systems. A case study was developed for the Hospitality Accommodation Unit of the Social Action Services of the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra. We proceeded to the evaluation of the installation site, such as its orientation, solar exposure, and the available area for the implantation. The energy consumption of the unit was presented, addressing all the relevant aspects for its analysis. It was estimated that the average percentage of natural gas used for DHW is around 30%. In the Bencanta residence the average consumption was 15506 kWh and in Quinta da Nora 10945 kWh. Regarding electric consumption, it was estimated that the annual average power in Bencanta was 14,67 kW and in Quinta da Nora 15,04 kW. Afterwards, the installation was dimensioned: number of hybrid panels, tanks and inverters, using the Abora Solar software as a complement. It was concluded that an installation of 44 hybrid panels in Bencanta and 52 in Quinta da Nora translates into total savings of about 15 195 euros in energy bills and avoids the emission of 85 tons of CO2 each year, being the ideal installation for this case. For this installation two 2500 liter tanks and two 8 kW inverters are required in Bencanta; in Quinta da Nora, four 1300 liter tanks and four 5 kW inverters. Finally, the project was evaluated economically. An initial and total investment of 174 200 € was estimated. The net present value (406 125 €) was positive, the internal rate of return (23 %) was high and the profitability index (1,46) was positive, indicating that the project is economically viable, providing profits. Regarding the pay-back period, the invested capital will be recovered after 6 years, within the project's useful life.
Since the beginning of the new century a high growth of renewable primary energy sources is noticeable, with a tendency to be used for self-consumption. Consequently, sources of non-renewable origin are gradually replaced, due to the shortage and pollution they cause compared to renewable ones. Hybrid solar technology is an interesting option for self-consumption, since it is able to convert solar energy into thermal and electrical energy. In this context, the present dissertation was elaborated based on the activity of the engineering company Filotipo, with the purpose of sizing a hybrid solar system for selfconsumption. A literature review was conducted on the energy conversion technologies of hybrid solar panels, specifically the Abora Solar product, contextualization of the current technical and legislative overview for electricity supply, domestic hot water (DHW) and solar systems for self-consumption and, finally, how to proceed with an appropriate sizing for this type of systems. A case study was developed for the Hospitality Accommodation Unit of the Social Action Services of the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra. We proceeded to the evaluation of the installation site, such as its orientation, solar exposure, and the available area for the implantation. The energy consumption of the unit was presented, addressing all the relevant aspects for its analysis. It was estimated that the average percentage of natural gas used for DHW is around 30%. In the Bencanta residence the average consumption was 15506 kWh and in Quinta da Nora 10945 kWh. Regarding electric consumption, it was estimated that the annual average power in Bencanta was 14,67 kW and in Quinta da Nora 15,04 kW. Afterwards, the installation was dimensioned: number of hybrid panels, tanks and inverters, using the Abora Solar software as a complement. It was concluded that an installation of 44 hybrid panels in Bencanta and 52 in Quinta da Nora translates into total savings of about 15 195 euros in energy bills and avoids the emission of 85 tons of CO2 each year, being the ideal installation for this case. For this installation two 2500 liter tanks and two 8 kW inverters are required in Bencanta; in Quinta da Nora, four 1300 liter tanks and four 5 kW inverters. Finally, the project was evaluated economically. An initial and total investment of 174 200 € was estimated. The net present value (406 125 €) was positive, the internal rate of return (23 %) was high and the profitability index (1,46) was positive, indicating that the project is economically viable, providing profits. Regarding the pay-back period, the invested capital will be recovered after 6 years, within the project's useful life.
Description
Keywords
Energia renovável Eficiência energética Painel solar híbrido Dimensionamento Renewable energy Energetic efficiency Hybrid solar panel Sizing