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Abstract(s)
As estruturas de membrana tensionada são o conceito estrutural mais antigo da humanidade. De facto, é possível encontrar estruturas tensionadas em quase tudo no dia-a-dia. Apesar da reduzida informação e falta de regulamentação disponível, têm vindo a acontecer vários avanços no conhecimento desta técnica. Estas estruturas, quando comparadas com as estruturas tradicionais, manifestam um elevado interesse natural ecológico dado que a membrana é 100% reciclável, são energeticamente mais eficientes, apresentam maior mobilidade e menor necessidade de material para vencer grandes vãos, para além de ser uma técnica que deriva essencialmente de fenómenos físicos presentes na natureza. Por exigirem técnicas e tecnologias de construção complexas, assim como regulamentação que conduza ao seu dimensionamento, o conhecimento sobre como projetar estas estruturas está limitado a um número relativamente pequeno de especialistas e fabricantes. O alargamento do conhecimento no âmbito das estruturas tensionadas permitirá maior acessibilidade aos projetistas e um aumento do número de aplicações desta técnica construtiva. Através da aplicação de um caso prático, onde serão indicados os passos chave no dimensionamento de uma estrutura de membrana tensionada, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo sintetizar a informação atual no conhecimento desta técnica, em particular sobre o método CFD para quantificação da ação do vento, permitindo assim orientar trabalhos futuros. Como base introdutória, são apresentados os enquadramentos legal e histórico da técnica, desde a sua origem até à atualidade, assim como os conceitos envolvidos de Arquitetura e Engenharia. São também abordados os critérios de segurança aplicáveis, ações de projeto, e ensaios de caracterização dos materiais.
Tensioned membrane structures are mankind's oldest structural concept. In fact, tensioned structures can be found in almost everything in everyday life. Despite the limited information and lack of available regulations, there have been several advances in the knowledge of this technique. These structures, when compared to traditional structures, manifest a high natural ecological interest since the membrane is 100% recyclable, they are more energy efficient, have greater mobility and less need for material to overcome large spans, besides being a technique that derives mainly from physical phenomena present in nature. Because they require complex construction techniques and technologies, as well as regulations governing their design, knowledge about how to design these structures is limited to a relatively small number of specialists and manufacturers. The broadening of knowledge in the field of tensioned structures will allow greater accessibility for designers and an increase in the number of applications of this construction technique. Through the application of a practical case, where the key steps in the design of a tensioned membrane structure will be indicated, this paper aims to synthesize the current information in the knowledge of this technique, in particular about the CFD method for quantification of the wind action, thus allowing to guide future works. As an introductory basis, the legal and historical frameworks of the technique are presented, since its origin until today, as well as the concepts involved from Architecture and Engineering. The applicable safety criteria, design actions, and material characterization tests are also addressed.
Tensioned membrane structures are mankind's oldest structural concept. In fact, tensioned structures can be found in almost everything in everyday life. Despite the limited information and lack of available regulations, there have been several advances in the knowledge of this technique. These structures, when compared to traditional structures, manifest a high natural ecological interest since the membrane is 100% recyclable, they are more energy efficient, have greater mobility and less need for material to overcome large spans, besides being a technique that derives mainly from physical phenomena present in nature. Because they require complex construction techniques and technologies, as well as regulations governing their design, knowledge about how to design these structures is limited to a relatively small number of specialists and manufacturers. The broadening of knowledge in the field of tensioned structures will allow greater accessibility for designers and an increase in the number of applications of this construction technique. Through the application of a practical case, where the key steps in the design of a tensioned membrane structure will be indicated, this paper aims to synthesize the current information in the knowledge of this technique, in particular about the CFD method for quantification of the wind action, thus allowing to guide future works. As an introductory basis, the legal and historical frameworks of the technique are presented, since its origin until today, as well as the concepts involved from Architecture and Engineering. The applicable safety criteria, design actions, and material characterization tests are also addressed.
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Keywords
Estruturas em membrana tensionada Form-finding Análise Não-Linear Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Tensioned membrane structures Non-linear Analysis