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Publication
Couro: em direção ao carbono zero
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 10.29 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
A indústria dos curtumes transforma a pele em material imputrescível, atravessando diversos tratamentos físico-químicos, sendo as principais etapas a ribeira, curtume, recurtume e acabamento. As alterações climáticas impulsionam a indústria a reduzir o impacto ambiental e avançar para a neutralidade carbónica, sob regulamentação a nível europeu e nacional cada vez mais exigente. A presente dissertação visa contribuir para a neutralidade carbónica dos processos da empresa Dias Ruivo Lda. Para isso, foram realizados estudos experimentais, à escala laboratorial e piloto, englobando todas as etapas de produção do couro. O estudo a montante das etapas em que a empresa atua demonstrou que processos mais ecológicos permitem reduzir a carga poluente dos efluentes gerados, comparativamente aos processos tradicionais. Na Ribeira, a depilação com recuperação do pelo reduziu a CQO (Carência Química de Oxigénio), CBO5 (Carência Bioquímica de Oxigénio) e sulfuretos em 70%, 89% e 71%, respetivamente; o processo enzimático, apresentou uma redução de 79% em
sulfuretos. No Curtume, o processo com menos 40% do uso de crómio reduziu o crómio total e a condutividade em 45% e 47%, respetivamente; já o processo sem crómio diminuiu o azoto total em 41% e a condutividade em 33%. Na etapa de Recurtume foi possível a compactação do processo, reduzindo o consumo de água em 50% e o tempo de operação em mais de 7 horas. Tanto no Recurtume como no Acabamento, alguns produtos sintéticos, de base não renovável e origem internacional, foram substituídos por alternativas nacionais, naturais e sustentáveis, recorrendo à economia circular e a simbioses industriais. As peles resultantes dos processos alternativos apresentaram, de modo geral, bom desempenho quanto às propriedades organoléticas e resistências físico-mecânicas. A quantificação da pegada de carbono, em kg CO2 eq/m2, dos processos foi realizada com recurso ao software OpenLCA e a base Ecoinvent. Os resultados revelaram reduções consideráveis face aos processos atuais, cerca de 12% no recurtume e entre 10 a 14% no acabamento. Em suma, o estudo demonstra que a adoção de processos sustentáveis na indústria dos curtumes contribui para a redução do impacto ambiental e para a neutralidade carbónica.
The tanning industry is responsible for processing leather from its natural state into a rot-proof material, going through various physical-chemical treatments, the main stages being beamhouse, tanning, retanning and finishing. Climate change drives the industry to reduce environmental impact and move towards carbon neutrality, under increasingly demanding European and national regulations. This dissertation aims to contribute to the carbon neutrality of the processes of the company Dias Ruivo Lda. For this, experimental studies were carried out, on a laboratory and pilot scale, encompassing all stages of leather production. The study upstream of the stages in which the company operates showed that more environmentally friendly processes reduce the pollutant load of the effluents generated, compared to traditional processes. At Beamhouse, hair removal with hair recovery reduced COD, BOD5 and sulphides by 70%, 89% and 71%, respectively, and the enzymatic process showed a 79% reduction in sulphides. At the tannery, the process with 40% less chromium use reduced total chromium and conductivity by 45% and 47%, respectively, while the chromiumfree process reduced total nitrogen by 41% and conductivity by 33%. In the retanning stage, it was possible to compact the process, reducing water consumption by 50% and operating time by 7 hours. In both retanning and finishing, some synthetic products, which are non-renewable and sourced internationally, were replaced by natural and sustainable alternatives sourced nationally, using circular economy and industrial symbiosis. The hides resulting from the alternative processes generally performed well in terms of organoleptic properties and physical-mechanical resistance. The carbon footprint of the processes was quantified in kg CO2eq/m2 using OpenLCA software and the Ecoinvent database. The results showed considerable reductions compared to current processes, around 12% in retanning and between 10 and 14% in finishing. In short, the study demonstrates that the adoption of sustainable processes in the tanning industry contributes to reducing environmental impact and achieving carbon neutrality.
The tanning industry is responsible for processing leather from its natural state into a rot-proof material, going through various physical-chemical treatments, the main stages being beamhouse, tanning, retanning and finishing. Climate change drives the industry to reduce environmental impact and move towards carbon neutrality, under increasingly demanding European and national regulations. This dissertation aims to contribute to the carbon neutrality of the processes of the company Dias Ruivo Lda. For this, experimental studies were carried out, on a laboratory and pilot scale, encompassing all stages of leather production. The study upstream of the stages in which the company operates showed that more environmentally friendly processes reduce the pollutant load of the effluents generated, compared to traditional processes. At Beamhouse, hair removal with hair recovery reduced COD, BOD5 and sulphides by 70%, 89% and 71%, respectively, and the enzymatic process showed a 79% reduction in sulphides. At the tannery, the process with 40% less chromium use reduced total chromium and conductivity by 45% and 47%, respectively, while the chromiumfree process reduced total nitrogen by 41% and conductivity by 33%. In the retanning stage, it was possible to compact the process, reducing water consumption by 50% and operating time by 7 hours. In both retanning and finishing, some synthetic products, which are non-renewable and sourced internationally, were replaced by natural and sustainable alternatives sourced nationally, using circular economy and industrial symbiosis. The hides resulting from the alternative processes generally performed well in terms of organoleptic properties and physical-mechanical resistance. The carbon footprint of the processes was quantified in kg CO2eq/m2 using OpenLCA software and the Ecoinvent database. The results showed considerable reductions compared to current processes, around 12% in retanning and between 10 and 14% in finishing. In short, the study demonstrates that the adoption of sustainable processes in the tanning industry contributes to reducing environmental impact and achieving carbon neutrality.
Description
Keywords
Leather zero carbon biopolymer environmental impact sustainability circular economy carbon footprint Biopolímero Carbono zero Couro Economia circular Impacto ambiental Pegada de carbono Sustentabilidade