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Abstract(s)
Como consequência do aumento das necessidades energéticas que a sociedade atual enfrenta, o gás natural é considerado como a alternativa energética que irá permitir fazer a ponte para o desejável cenário de maior aproveitamento das fontes renováveis de energia. No nosso país, o gás natural tem adquirido uma relevância crescente ao longo dos últimos anos, com grande impacto nas centrais de energia elétrica e nas centrais de cogeração em detrimento de outras matérias‐primas de origem fóssil, face à sua melhor competitividade económica e menor nível de emissões de CO2.
Esta tese demonstra a importância que o gás natural tem vindo a obter ao longo dos últimos anos no mercado nacional e internacional, da sua crescente procura, tornando‐a num futuro próximo como a segunda fonte de energia primária mais consumida no mundo, e a sua relação com uma estrutura de armazenagem subterrânea que complemente e/ou adicione capacidade de injeção de gás na rede, tornando‐a assim mais fiável e flexível.
Neste trabalho foi estudado a solução de armazenagem subterrânea em diápiros salinos em Portugal e verificou‐se que é uma das soluções tecnicamente mais adequada para armazenagem subterrânea de gás natural; através de ensaios realizados evidenciou‐se que as rochas encaixantes destes diápiros apresentam baixa permeabilidade e valores de porosidade que se encontram entre o intervalo de 10% a 20%, existindo afloramentos em boas condições de estudo, o que possibilita uma análise prévia mais rápida e económica. Estas formações estão presentes numa vasta área do território, sendo a principal a Bacia Lusitaniana ou Orla Ocidental, que abrange uma área na ordem dos 20.000 km2 e tem uma extensão de aproximadamente 200 km; de salientar as altas taxas de entrega, o baixo volume de gás de base necessário (em caso de emergência este volume pode ser retirado) e confere melhores condições de estanquidade do reservatório relativamente às outras alternativas.
Analisa a viabilidade de construção de armazenagem de gás natural em cavidades subterrâneas geradas a partir de diápiros salinos em dois locais de estudo na zona da Bacia Lusitaniana, como reforço à infraestrutura existente. Os dois locais de estudados foram a Pedreira de gesso de São José do Pinheiro e a Mina de gesso de Óbidos, recaindo a escolha sobre a Pedreira de gesso de São José do Pinheiro.
As a consequence of the increasing energy needs that society is facing, natural gas is considered the alternative energy that will allow to bridge to the desirable scenario of greater use of renewable energy sources. In our country, natural gas has become increasingly relevant over the last few years, with a major impact on electric energy generation and cogeneration installations, as opposed to other fossil fuels, due to their better economic competitiveness and lower level of CO2 emissions. This thesis shows the importance that natural gas has been getting over the last few years in the domestic and international markets with its increasing demand, becoming the second most consumed primary energy source in the world in the near future; it also shows its relationship with underground storage structures which adds gas injection capacity in the network, thereby making it more reliable and flexible. In this work, the solution of underground storage in saline diapirs was studied in Portugal and it has been verified that it is one of the more suitable technical solutions for underground storage of natural gas; through tests carried out, it has been proved that the nesting rocks of these diapirs present low permeability and porosity values that are between the range of 10% to 20%, and there are outcrops in good study conditions, which allows a faster and economic preliminary studies. These formations are present in a vast area of the territory, being the main one the Lusitaniana Basin or Orla Occidental, that covers an area close to 20,000 km2 and has an extension of approximately 200 km; the low base gas volume required (in case of emergency this volume can be withdrawn) gives better reservoir leakage conditions compared to other alternatives. It was analysed the feasibility for a storage of natural gas construction in underground cavities generated from saline flumes at two study sites in the Lusitanian Basin area, as a reinforcement to the existing infrastructure. The two sites studied were the gypsum quarry of São José do Pinheiro and the gypsum mine of Óbidos; the gypsum mine of São José do Pinheiro was the option chosen.
As a consequence of the increasing energy needs that society is facing, natural gas is considered the alternative energy that will allow to bridge to the desirable scenario of greater use of renewable energy sources. In our country, natural gas has become increasingly relevant over the last few years, with a major impact on electric energy generation and cogeneration installations, as opposed to other fossil fuels, due to their better economic competitiveness and lower level of CO2 emissions. This thesis shows the importance that natural gas has been getting over the last few years in the domestic and international markets with its increasing demand, becoming the second most consumed primary energy source in the world in the near future; it also shows its relationship with underground storage structures which adds gas injection capacity in the network, thereby making it more reliable and flexible. In this work, the solution of underground storage in saline diapirs was studied in Portugal and it has been verified that it is one of the more suitable technical solutions for underground storage of natural gas; through tests carried out, it has been proved that the nesting rocks of these diapirs present low permeability and porosity values that are between the range of 10% to 20%, and there are outcrops in good study conditions, which allows a faster and economic preliminary studies. These formations are present in a vast area of the territory, being the main one the Lusitaniana Basin or Orla Occidental, that covers an area close to 20,000 km2 and has an extension of approximately 200 km; the low base gas volume required (in case of emergency this volume can be withdrawn) gives better reservoir leakage conditions compared to other alternatives. It was analysed the feasibility for a storage of natural gas construction in underground cavities generated from saline flumes at two study sites in the Lusitanian Basin area, as a reinforcement to the existing infrastructure. The two sites studied were the gypsum quarry of São José do Pinheiro and the gypsum mine of Óbidos; the gypsum mine of São José do Pinheiro was the option chosen.
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Keywords
Gás Natural Diápiros Salinos Soure Óbidos Armazenagem Subterrânea Natural Gas Salt Diapirs Underground storage