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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo o dimensionamento de um reator à escala piloto, para carbonização hidrotérmica de bagaço de uva, bem como o dimensionamento de equipamentos adjacentes. A reacção em estudo é caracterizada pela temperatura de 220 °C e 1h de tempo de reação, estando a rampa de aquecimento, desde a temperatura ambiente até à temperatura de reação, fixada em 5 °C/min. Com recurso a um reator fechado de 34 L, e a partir de 10 kg de bagaço de uva com 65% de humidade é possível produzir 2,4 kg de carbonizado seco, 0,9 kg de bio-óleo e 0,2 kg de dióxido de carbono, resultando num rendimento em carbonizado de 69%. Dos equipamentos adjacentes ao reator constam um triturador, decantador e secador. O triturador é utilizado para reduzir o tamanho de partícula do bagaço de uva de 20 mm para 8 mm, e é do tipo Hammer mill com potência de 1,1 kW. Após a reação, no decantador ocorre a separação da fase líquida rica em bio-óleo, e fase sólida rica em carbonizado. O decantador tem a capacidade de 70 L. O secador dimensionado tem como objectivo reduzir a humidade do carbonizado, proveniente do decantador, de 65% para 8%. Para a operação de secagem, recorre-se a 2,1 m3 /min de ar previamente aquecido a 77 °C com 10% de humidade relativa, que sai do secador a 50 °C com 90% de humidade relativa. A carbonização hidrotérmica é um processo termoquímico de tratamento de biomassa, com vista à produção de carbonizado. O carbonizado pode ser, posteriormente, utilizado como combustível, ou como agente no tratamento de solos.
This work has the objective of designing a pilot scale reactor for hydrothermal carbonization of grape marc, as well as the design of adjacent equipment. The reaction under study is characterized by the temperature of 220 ° C and 1h, being the heating rate, from room temperature up to the reaction temperature, set at 5 ° C/min. Using a closed reactor with 34 L of volume, and from 10 kg of grape marc with 65% moisture it is possible to produce 2.4 kg of dry hydrochar, 0.9 kg of bio-oil and 0.2 kg of carbon dioxide, resulting in a hydrochar yield of 69%. The equipment adjacent to the reactor includes a crusher, decanter and dryer. The crusher is used to reduce the particle size of grape pomace from 20 mm to 8 mm, and is Hammer mill type with a power of 1.1 kW. After the reaction, in the decanter, the phase separation occurs between the liquid phase rich in bio-oil, and solid phase rich in hydrochar. The decanter has a capacity of 70 L. The dryer aims to reduce hydrochar humidity from 65%, coming from the decanter, to 8% for storage purposes. For the drying operation, 2,1 m3 /min of air is prewarmed at 77 ° C with 10% relative humidity, which exits the dryer at 50 ° C with 90% relative humidity. Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermochemical process for treatment of biomass for the production of hydrochar. The hydrochar may subsequently be used as a fuel, or as an agent in the treatment of soils.
This work has the objective of designing a pilot scale reactor for hydrothermal carbonization of grape marc, as well as the design of adjacent equipment. The reaction under study is characterized by the temperature of 220 ° C and 1h, being the heating rate, from room temperature up to the reaction temperature, set at 5 ° C/min. Using a closed reactor with 34 L of volume, and from 10 kg of grape marc with 65% moisture it is possible to produce 2.4 kg of dry hydrochar, 0.9 kg of bio-oil and 0.2 kg of carbon dioxide, resulting in a hydrochar yield of 69%. The equipment adjacent to the reactor includes a crusher, decanter and dryer. The crusher is used to reduce the particle size of grape pomace from 20 mm to 8 mm, and is Hammer mill type with a power of 1.1 kW. After the reaction, in the decanter, the phase separation occurs between the liquid phase rich in bio-oil, and solid phase rich in hydrochar. The decanter has a capacity of 70 L. The dryer aims to reduce hydrochar humidity from 65%, coming from the decanter, to 8% for storage purposes. For the drying operation, 2,1 m3 /min of air is prewarmed at 77 ° C with 10% relative humidity, which exits the dryer at 50 ° C with 90% relative humidity. Hydrothermal carbonization is a thermochemical process for treatment of biomass for the production of hydrochar. The hydrochar may subsequently be used as a fuel, or as an agent in the treatment of soils.
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Keywords
Carbonização hidrotérmica Reactor Biomassa Carbonizado Hydrothermal carbonization Biomass Hydrochar