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Perceção de trabalhadores municipais sobre a exposição à radiação solar ultravioleta: Conhecimento, atitudes e comportamentos
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A exposição ocupacional à radiação solar representa um dos riscos ambientais mais relevantes para os trabalhadores que exercem funções ao ar livre, abrangendo setores como a construção civil, a agricultura, a vigilância, a jardinagem e a limpeza urbana. A radiação ultravioleta (UV), componente da radiação solar, está associada a efeitos agudos, como eritema e queimaduras solares, e a efeitos crónicos, incluindo envelhecimento cutâneo acelerado, queratoses actínicas, cataratas e, de forma mais grave, neoplasias cutâneas como o carcinoma basocelular, carcinoma espinocelular e o melanoma maligno. Apesar da disponibilidade de conhecimento técnico-científico e de recomendações emanadas por organismos nacionais e internacionais, verifica-se que, na prática, as medidas de proteção solar adotadas no contexto laboral continuam insuficientes ou inconsistentes. Barreiras como a perceção reduzida do risco, a falta de fornecimento regular de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) adequados e a ausência de fiscalização eficaz contribuem para a adoção de comportamentos de risco. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a perceção do risco e as práticas de proteção solar dos trabalhadores expostos à radiação solar, bem como identificar os fatores facilitadores e os obstáculos à adoção de comportamentos protetores dos trabalhadores num município do norte de Portugal. Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico transversal, onde foi utilizado um questionário de carácter anónimo aplicados aos trabalhadores de diferentes setores com elevada exposição solar. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria dos indivíduos adota comportamentos preventivos (n=68; 65.4%), havendo evidência que a adoção de comportamentos preventivos depende da categoria profissional. Os jardineiros adotam mais comportamentos preventivos e profissionais da sinalização menos. No entanto não se verificou influência do nível de escolaridade à importância atribuída à proteção solar, mas verificou-se que os trabalhadores se encontram informadores relativamente aos danos da radiação UV (n=91, 87.5%). Este estudo irá dar ferramentas ao município para promover hábitos e conhecimento de proteção solar entre trabalhadores ao ar livre através de formação contínua dos trabalhadores relativa aos riscos da radiação UV e à importância da adoção das medidas de proteção e da implementação de políticas no local de trabalho que promovam essas práticas.
Occupational exposure to solar radiation represents one of the most significant environmental risks for workers who perform outdoor tasks, covering sectors such as construction, agriculture, security, gardening, and urban cleaning. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a component of solar radiation, is associated with acute effects such as erythema and sunburn, and chronic effects including accelerated skin ageing, actinic keratoses, cataracts and, more seriously, skin neoplasms such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Despite the availability of technical and scientific knowledge and recommendations from national and international bodies, in practice, sun protection measures adopted in the workplace remain insufficient or inconsistent. Barriers such as reduced risk perception, lack of regular supply of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and lack of effective enforcement contribute to the adoption of risky behaviours. The main objective of this study is to assess the perception of risk and sun protection practices among workers exposed to solar radiation, as well as to identify the factors that facilitate and hinder the adoption of protective behaviours among workers in a municipality in northern Portugal. This is a cross-sectional observational study, in which an anonymous questionnaire was administered to workers from different sectors with high sun exposure. The results show that most individuals adopt preventive behaviours (n=68; 65.4%), with evidence that the adoption of preventive behaviours depends on the professional category. Gardeners adopt more preventive behaviours and signage professionals adopt fewer. However, no influence of educational level on the importance attributed to sun protection was found, but it was found that workers are informed about the damage caused by UV radiation (n=91, 87.5%). This study will provide the municipality with tools to promote sun protection habits and knowledge among outdoor workers through continuous training of workers on the risks of UV radiation and the importance of adopting protective measures and implementing workplace policies that promote these practices.
Occupational exposure to solar radiation represents one of the most significant environmental risks for workers who perform outdoor tasks, covering sectors such as construction, agriculture, security, gardening, and urban cleaning. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a component of solar radiation, is associated with acute effects such as erythema and sunburn, and chronic effects including accelerated skin ageing, actinic keratoses, cataracts and, more seriously, skin neoplasms such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Despite the availability of technical and scientific knowledge and recommendations from national and international bodies, in practice, sun protection measures adopted in the workplace remain insufficient or inconsistent. Barriers such as reduced risk perception, lack of regular supply of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and lack of effective enforcement contribute to the adoption of risky behaviours. The main objective of this study is to assess the perception of risk and sun protection practices among workers exposed to solar radiation, as well as to identify the factors that facilitate and hinder the adoption of protective behaviours among workers in a municipality in northern Portugal. This is a cross-sectional observational study, in which an anonymous questionnaire was administered to workers from different sectors with high sun exposure. The results show that most individuals adopt preventive behaviours (n=68; 65.4%), with evidence that the adoption of preventive behaviours depends on the professional category. Gardeners adopt more preventive behaviours and signage professionals adopt fewer. However, no influence of educational level on the importance attributed to sun protection was found, but it was found that workers are informed about the damage caused by UV radiation (n=91, 87.5%). This study will provide the municipality with tools to promote sun protection habits and knowledge among outdoor workers through continuous training of workers on the risks of UV radiation and the importance of adopting protective measures and implementing workplace policies that promote these practices.
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Radiação UV Exposição ocupacional Trabalhadores ao ar livre perceção do risco Proteção solar