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Resumo(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da qualidade da auditoria no
custo da dívida das Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) portuguesas não financeiras, num
contexto institucional caracterizado por um sistema jurídico de tradição code-law e por uma
forte dependência do financiamento bancário. Uma vez que a qualidade da auditoria não é
diretamente observável, esta é analisada através de diferentes proxies amplamente utilizadas
na literatura, nomeadamente a dimensão e reputação do auditor, o tipo de opinião emitida na
Certificação Legal das Contas (CLC) e a estabilidade do auditor.
A análise incide sobre observações empresa-ano de PME portuguesas não financeiras no
período de 2015 a 2024, recorrendo a informação financeira e contabilística obtida a partir
da base de dados SABI e à estimação de modelos de regressão linear múltipla.
Os resultados evidenciam que a auditoria prestada por entidades Big Four apresenta uma
associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa com o custo da dívida, contrariando a
expetativa teórica formulada. Por sua vez, não é encontrada evidência estatisticamente
significativa de uma relação entre o tipo de opinião emitida e o custo da dívida. Em
contrapartida, a estabilidade da relação auditor-cliente revela uma associação negativa e
estatisticamente significativa com o custo da dívida, sugerindo que relações de auditoria
mais duradouras tendem a estar associadas a menores custos de financiamento.
O estudo contribui para a literatura sobre auditoria e financiamento empresarial, ao fornecer
evidência empírica sobre o papel da auditoria na avaliação do risco de crédito em PME
portuguesas não financeiras.
This dissertation aims to analyze the impact of audit quality on the cost of debt of Portuguese non-financial Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), within an institutional setting characterised by a code-law legal system and a strong reliance on bank financing. Since audit quality is not directly observable, it is assessed using several proxies widely adopted in the literature, including auditor size and reputation, the the type of audit opinion expressed in the auditor's report, and auditor tenure. The analysis focuses on firm-year observations of Portuguese non-financial SMEs over the period from 2015 to 2024, using financial and accounting data obtained from the SABI database and estimated through multiple linear regression models. The findings indicate that audits conducted by Big Four audit firms are positively and statistically significantly associated with the cost of debt, contrary to the initial theoretical expectation. By contrast, no statistically significant association is found between the type of audit opinion and the cost of debt. Auditor tenure, however, exhibits a negative and statistically significant association with the cost of debt, suggesting that longer auditor–client relationships are associated with lower borrowing costs. This study contributes to the literature on auditing and corporate finance by providing empirical evidence on the role of audit quality in the assessment of credit risk among Portuguese non-financial SMEs.
This dissertation aims to analyze the impact of audit quality on the cost of debt of Portuguese non-financial Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), within an institutional setting characterised by a code-law legal system and a strong reliance on bank financing. Since audit quality is not directly observable, it is assessed using several proxies widely adopted in the literature, including auditor size and reputation, the the type of audit opinion expressed in the auditor's report, and auditor tenure. The analysis focuses on firm-year observations of Portuguese non-financial SMEs over the period from 2015 to 2024, using financial and accounting data obtained from the SABI database and estimated through multiple linear regression models. The findings indicate that audits conducted by Big Four audit firms are positively and statistically significantly associated with the cost of debt, contrary to the initial theoretical expectation. By contrast, no statistically significant association is found between the type of audit opinion and the cost of debt. Auditor tenure, however, exhibits a negative and statistically significant association with the cost of debt, suggesting that longer auditor–client relationships are associated with lower borrowing costs. This study contributes to the literature on auditing and corporate finance by providing empirical evidence on the role of audit quality in the assessment of credit risk among Portuguese non-financial SMEs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Qualidade da auditoria Custo da dívida Big Four PME Audit quality Cost of debt SMEs
