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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho teve como objectivo a avaliação da actual situação da indústria
corticeira, o levantamento de eventuais possibilidades de inovação e o estudo de um caso
promissor. Como caso promissor, decidiu-se estudar o efeito da pirólise nos resíduos de
cortiça.
A análise da situação actual da indústria corticeira aponta para a procura de novos
produtos no sentido de alargar o mercado e promover um melhor escoamento deste recurso
natural. Apesar de todos os esforços efectuados até ao momento, verifica-se que a indústria
vinícola continua a ser o principal mercado da cortiça.
O avanço da tecnologia tem permitido o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, alguns
ainda em fase de desenvolvimento, e aponta para um potencial de inovação a vários níveis:
ao nível do processo de transformação, no sentido da sua optimização; ao nível do
desenvolvimento de novos produtos dado o potencial já demonstrado pela cortiça em
desenvolvimentos recentes; ao nível da valorização de resíduos como, por exemplo, a
consolidação de processo de recuperação de taninos da água de cozedura, a obtenção de
suberina e poliois do pó e aparas de cortiça e a pirólise das aparas e pó de cortiça.
Como estudo de caso, efectuou-se o estudo do efeito da pirólise em resíduos de
cortiça natural, para se poder conhecer as características dos produtos obtidos bem como
as condições óptimas de operação. Neste fase inicial e optou-se por se analisar as
propriedades parte sólida de modo a saber as alterações sofridas durante a pirólise e estas
podem apresentar uma mais-valia para o mercado corticeiro. Para efectuar o respectivo
trabalho, recorreu-se a um forno pirolítico horizontal tipo Splitz e utilizou-se cortiça natural
com granulometria entre 2,88 e 4,00mm.
A pirólise foi realizada entre a gama de temperaturas de 400 e 900ºC e para duas
rampas de aquecimento de 5ºC/min e 10ºC/min. O estudo experimental revela que na gama
de temperaturas entre os 600 e 800ºC é onde a carbonização do resíduo está completa,
sendo para essa mesma gama de temperaturas que se verifica, no resíduo carbonoso, um
maior teor de carbono. Relativamente às rampas de aquecimento estas não apresentam
efeitos significativos nas massas e teores de carbono no resíduo carbonoso final. Verificouse
também, que o teor de hidrogénio diminui com o aumento da temperatura.
Conclui-se que a pirólise consegue degradar os resíduos de cortiça levando à
libertação de compostos que poderão ser uma mais-valia.
This work aimed to evaluate the current situation of the cork industry, the survey on the possibility of innovation and a case study promising. As if promising, we decided to study the effect of pyrolysis in cork waste. The analysis of the current situation of the cork industry points to the demand for new products to broaden the market and promote a better flow of this natural resource. Despite all the efforts, it appears that the wine industry remains the main market of the cork. The evolution of technology has allowed the development of new products, some still under development, and points to a potential for innovation at various levels: the level of the transformation process in the sense of optimization, the level of development of new products such a potentially already demonstrated by recent developments in cork, at the level of recovery of waste, for example, the consolidation process of recovery of tannins from the cooking water, to obtain polyols and suberin from cork powder or chips and pyrolysis of chips and cork powder. As a case study, we carried out the study of the effect of pyrolysis residues on natural cork, in order to know the characteristics of the products obtained and the optimal operation. At this early stage, we chose to analyze the properties of the solid, in order to know the changes made by the pyrolysis and if these may have an added value to the market for cork. To this work, we used a horizontal type pyrolytic oven Splitz. Cork was used with a particle size between 2.88 and 4.00 mm. Pyrolysis was made between the temperature range of 400 to 900 ° C and for two heating rate of 5 ° C / min and 10 ° C / min. The experimental study reveals that, in the temperature range between 600 and 800 ° C, the carbonization of the residue is complete, and for this same range of temperatures that occurs in the carbonaceous residue, a higher carbon content. The heating rates do not have significant effects on mass and concentration of carbon in the final carbonaceous residue. It was also found that the hydrogen content decreases with increasing temperature. It is concluded that the pyrolysis can degrade the waste cork leading to the release of compounds that may be an added advantage.
This work aimed to evaluate the current situation of the cork industry, the survey on the possibility of innovation and a case study promising. As if promising, we decided to study the effect of pyrolysis in cork waste. The analysis of the current situation of the cork industry points to the demand for new products to broaden the market and promote a better flow of this natural resource. Despite all the efforts, it appears that the wine industry remains the main market of the cork. The evolution of technology has allowed the development of new products, some still under development, and points to a potential for innovation at various levels: the level of the transformation process in the sense of optimization, the level of development of new products such a potentially already demonstrated by recent developments in cork, at the level of recovery of waste, for example, the consolidation process of recovery of tannins from the cooking water, to obtain polyols and suberin from cork powder or chips and pyrolysis of chips and cork powder. As a case study, we carried out the study of the effect of pyrolysis residues on natural cork, in order to know the characteristics of the products obtained and the optimal operation. At this early stage, we chose to analyze the properties of the solid, in order to know the changes made by the pyrolysis and if these may have an added value to the market for cork. To this work, we used a horizontal type pyrolytic oven Splitz. Cork was used with a particle size between 2.88 and 4.00 mm. Pyrolysis was made between the temperature range of 400 to 900 ° C and for two heating rate of 5 ° C / min and 10 ° C / min. The experimental study reveals that, in the temperature range between 600 and 800 ° C, the carbonization of the residue is complete, and for this same range of temperatures that occurs in the carbonaceous residue, a higher carbon content. The heating rates do not have significant effects on mass and concentration of carbon in the final carbonaceous residue. It was also found that the hydrogen content decreases with increasing temperature. It is concluded that the pyrolysis can degrade the waste cork leading to the release of compounds that may be an added advantage.
Description
Keywords
Cortiça Inovação Pirólise Cork Innovation Pyrolysis
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto