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Abstract(s)
Resumo:
O overwork é um termo que conceptualiza no discurso científico a sobrecarga de trabalho ou as horas de trabalho a mais, fenómeno que tem assumido uma forte relevância na investigação, pelo impacto verificado ao nível individual, na saúde física, mental e qualidade de vida e também pelo impacto ao nível organizacional, relacionado com redução de níveis de performance, rotatividade e aumento da taxa de acidentes e absentismo.
Não obstante as consequências que resultam do overwork, e que são alvo de inúmeros estudos a nível mundial, coloca-se neste trabalho a questão sobre os drivers (as razões, os fatores) que impulsionam as pessoas para o overwork, cujos estudos são mais escassos, nomeadamente em Portugal.
A escassez de estudos com este foco sobre o overwork remete esta investigação para um estudo exploratório. Este trabalho tem, neste sentido, como objetivo conhecer a realidade em Portugal no que diz respeito à configuração do overwork, aos motivos que levam as pessoas a trabalhar mais e aos sentimentos que associam a este fenómeno e a esta experiência. Para este efeito recorreu-se ao inquérito por questionário (com perguntas abertas e fechadas), que foi respondido por profissionais ativos ou desempregados há menos de 6 meses.
Os resultados da investigação permitem concluir a existência de 3 tipos de drivers do overwork, i) drivers individuais, que resultam do perfil comportamental, vontade, interesse e necessidade do sujeito, ii) drivers funcionais, que resultam de fatores relacionados com a função em si, sua intensidade e sobrecarga e iii) drivers organizacionais, que resultam de fatores relacionados com a estrutura e organização da empresa, como processos de socialização, normas, liderança e cultura. Quanto aos sentimentos associados ao overwork a investigação identificou 2 tipos principais, i) os positivos, que provocam sensações de bem-estar e envolvem sensações de agrado e ii) os negativos, que provocam sensações de desconforto e mal-estar, sendo por isso desagradáveis.
Overwork is a term that conceptualises in scientific discourse the overload of work or working too many hours, a phenomenon that has assumed a strong relevance in research, due to its impact at the individual level, on physical and mental health and quality of life, and also due to its impact at the organisational level, related to reduced levels of performance, turnover, and increased accident rates and absenteeism. Despite the consequences resulting from overwork, which are the subject of numerous studies worldwide, this paper raises the question about the drivers (the reasons, the factors) that impel people to overwork, whose studies are scarcer, particularly in Portugal. The scarcity of studies with this focus on overwork leads this research to an exploratory study. This work aims, therefore, to know the reality in Portugal with regard to the configuration of overwork, the reasons that lead people to work more and the feelings that they associate with this phenomenon and this experience. For this purpose we used a questionnaire survey (with open and closed questions), which was answered by active professionals or unemployed for less than 6 months. The research results allow us to conclude the existence of 3 types of overwork drivers: i) individual drivers, which result from the behavioral profile, will, interest, and needs of the subject; ii) functional drivers, which result from factors related to the job itself, its intensity and overload; and iii) organizational drivers, which result from factors related to the company's structure and organization, such as socialization processes, norms, leadership, and culture. As for the feelings associated with overwork, the research identified two main types, i) positive feelings, which cause feelings of well-being and involve pleasant sensations, and ii) negative feelings, which cause feelings of discomfort and bad feeling, and are therefore unpleasant.
Overwork is a term that conceptualises in scientific discourse the overload of work or working too many hours, a phenomenon that has assumed a strong relevance in research, due to its impact at the individual level, on physical and mental health and quality of life, and also due to its impact at the organisational level, related to reduced levels of performance, turnover, and increased accident rates and absenteeism. Despite the consequences resulting from overwork, which are the subject of numerous studies worldwide, this paper raises the question about the drivers (the reasons, the factors) that impel people to overwork, whose studies are scarcer, particularly in Portugal. The scarcity of studies with this focus on overwork leads this research to an exploratory study. This work aims, therefore, to know the reality in Portugal with regard to the configuration of overwork, the reasons that lead people to work more and the feelings that they associate with this phenomenon and this experience. For this purpose we used a questionnaire survey (with open and closed questions), which was answered by active professionals or unemployed for less than 6 months. The research results allow us to conclude the existence of 3 types of overwork drivers: i) individual drivers, which result from the behavioral profile, will, interest, and needs of the subject; ii) functional drivers, which result from factors related to the job itself, its intensity and overload; and iii) organizational drivers, which result from factors related to the company's structure and organization, such as socialization processes, norms, leadership, and culture. As for the feelings associated with overwork, the research identified two main types, i) positive feelings, which cause feelings of well-being and involve pleasant sensations, and ii) negative feelings, which cause feelings of discomfort and bad feeling, and are therefore unpleasant.
Description
Keywords
Excesso de trabalho Sobrecarga de trabalho Drivers Overwork Recursos humanos