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Abstract(s)
A indústria do calçado é caracterizada pela grande variedade de materiais utilizados nos seus produtos, dos quais se destaca o couro, a borracha e os materiais têxteis, entre os materiais mais utilizados. No presente trabalho são apresentados, não só os impactes ambientais causados pela deposição de resíduos de couro em aterros, mas também as boas práticas na gestão de resíduos de calçado na indústria. A presente dissertação teve como principal objetivo o dimensionamento de uma instalação de pirólise, como alternativa sustentável ao aterro situado no conselho de Felgueiras. Foi realizado o dimensionamento de dois reatores: um reator de leito fixo e um reator “auger”. As duas instalações tiveram como base de dimensionamento a mesma quantidade de matéria prima diária, 24 toneladas diárias de residuos de couro provenientes da industria do calçado. Relativamente ao reator de leito fixo, estima-se a produção anual de 1820 toneladas de carbonizado, 1082 toneladas de bio-óleo e 3144 toneladas de fase gasosa. A esta fase gasosa e, eventualmente, o bio-óleo são aproveitados para ser usados como fonte de calor do reator. Este reator deve ter um diâmetro interno de 1,5 metros, altura de 3,0 metros e um volume útil de 5,5 m3. No que diz respeito ao reator “auger”, estima-se uma produção anual de 1988 toneladas de carbonizado, 2209 toneladas de bio-óleo e 1849 toneladas de fase gasosa, que é reaproveitada como fonte de calor. Este reator tem 0,5 metros de diâmetro e o seu comprimento é de 2,5 metros. De acordo com os dimensionamentos realizados, observou-se que ambas tecnologias são autosustentáveis sob o ponto de vista energético, isto é, apenas existe necessidade de fornecimento de energia ao sistema em fase de arranque, sendo que após o início da pirólise não é necessário fornecer energia térmica ao sistema.
The footwear industry is characterized by a big variety of materials used in its products, which leather, rubber and textiles are the most used materials. This Thesis presents not only the environmental impacts caused by the deposition of leather waste in landfills, but also the good practices in the management of footwear waste in industry. This dissertation had as main objective the dimensioning of a pyrolysis plant, as a sustainable alternative to the landfill located in the Felgueiras council. The design of two reactors was carried out: a fixed bed reactor and an "auger" reactor. These projects were based on the same amount of daily raw material, 24 tons of leather waste per day from the footwear industry. About the fixed bed reactor, we estimate the annual production of 1820 tons of carbonized, 1082 tons of bio-oil and 3144 tons of gas phase. This gaseous phase and, eventually, bio-oil can be used as heat source. This reactor must have an internal diameter of 1,5 meters, an height of 3,0 meters and an useful volume of 5,5 m3. For the "auger" reactor, is estimated an annual production of 1988 tons of carbonisation, 2209 tons of bio-oil and 1849 tons of gaseous phase and can be used as heat source. Assuming a 0,5 meters diameter screw reactor, its length should be 2,5 meters. According to the results obtained, both technologies are self-sustainable, which means, there is only need to supply heat power to the system in the start-up phase, after the chemical reaction begins it is not necessary to supply thermal energy to the system.
The footwear industry is characterized by a big variety of materials used in its products, which leather, rubber and textiles are the most used materials. This Thesis presents not only the environmental impacts caused by the deposition of leather waste in landfills, but also the good practices in the management of footwear waste in industry. This dissertation had as main objective the dimensioning of a pyrolysis plant, as a sustainable alternative to the landfill located in the Felgueiras council. The design of two reactors was carried out: a fixed bed reactor and an "auger" reactor. These projects were based on the same amount of daily raw material, 24 tons of leather waste per day from the footwear industry. About the fixed bed reactor, we estimate the annual production of 1820 tons of carbonized, 1082 tons of bio-oil and 3144 tons of gas phase. This gaseous phase and, eventually, bio-oil can be used as heat source. This reactor must have an internal diameter of 1,5 meters, an height of 3,0 meters and an useful volume of 5,5 m3. For the "auger" reactor, is estimated an annual production of 1988 tons of carbonisation, 2209 tons of bio-oil and 1849 tons of gaseous phase and can be used as heat source. Assuming a 0,5 meters diameter screw reactor, its length should be 2,5 meters. According to the results obtained, both technologies are self-sustainable, which means, there is only need to supply heat power to the system in the start-up phase, after the chemical reaction begins it is not necessary to supply thermal energy to the system.
Description
Keywords
Resíduos de couro Pirólise Reator de leito fixo Reator “auger” Leather waste Pyrolysys Fixed bed reactor “auger” reactor