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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação, desenvolvida no âmbito do 2º ano do Mestrado em Engenharia
Eletrotécnica e de Computadores, com especialização em Automação e Sistemas, surgiu
como conclusão de um projeto, em contexto industrial, realizado na Körber Supply Chain
PT.
O projeto apresentado surge no sentido de desenvolver um sistema de inspeção de paletes
com recurso ao mínimo de elementos mecânicos possíveis, que seja capaz de substituir o
atual sistema totalmente mecânico.
Iniciou-se, com uma revisão do estado da arte, com o objetivo de verificar que tipos de
sistemas de inspeção de paletes existem no mercado, quais os trabalhos académicos
realizados sobre o tópico, quais os sensores que são possíveis de usar para a inspeção de
paletes, software existente para o tratamento de dados provenientes desses mesmos
sensores, um aprofundamento sobre os PLC e por fim quais as normas existentes para a
construção/inspeção de paletes.
Posteriormente, para se definir os requisitos necessários para a criação do novo sistema,
foi necessário analisar o sistema atual, quais os seus componentes, como funciona, quais
os seus problemas e por fim quais os erros que consegue identificar.
Após se ter identificado quais os requisitos necessários, procedeu-se à construção do novo
sistema de inspeção de paletes. Este sistema tem como elemento principal um sensor
LiDAR, sendo que foram feitos alguns testes iniciais para determinar qual o melhor sensor
LiDAR disponível na empresa. Este comunica diretamente com um PLC e este com uma
consola HMI simulada. Este sensor LiDAR através do seu software permite desenhar 3
áreas, sendo que caso algum objeto se encontre numa dessas áreas é enviado um sinal
digital ao PLC para tratamento e visualização na consola.
Para validação da performance do sistema foram efetuados diversos testes com várias
paletes com diferentes tipos de defeitos. Através destes testes foi possível determinar o que era possível identificar com este sistema e qual o fator que está a limitar esta aplicação,
verificando-se que em movimento o tempo de resposta do sistema era limitativa.
Por fim verificou-se que apesar de este sistema de inspeção de paletes atingir quase todos
os requisitos pretendidos, ficava aquém quando o erro a detetar era plástico transparente
The present dissertation, developed within the scope of the 2nd year of the Master in Electrical and Computer Engineering, with a specialization in Automation and Systems, emerged as the conclusion of a project, in an industrial context, carried out at Körber Supply Chain PT. The project presented arises in the sense of developing a pallet inspection system using the least possible mechanical elements, which is capable of replacing the current fully mechanical system. It began with a review of the state of the art, with the objective of verifying what types of pallet inspection systems exist on the market, what academic works have been carried out on the topic, what sensors are possible to use for the inspection of pallets, existing software for processing data from these same sensors, an in-depth look at PLCs and finally what are the existing standards for the construction/inspection of pallets. Subsequently, in order to define the necessary requirements for the creation of the new system, it was necessary to analyze the current system, what are its components, how it works, what are its problems and finally what errors it can identify. After identifying the necessary requirements, the construction of the new pallet inspection system was carried out. This system has a LiDAR sensor as its main element, and some initial tests were carried out to determine the best LiDAR sensor available in the company. It communicates directly with a PLC and the latter with a simulated HMI console. This LiDAR sensor, through its software, allows you to draw 3 areas, and if an object is in one of these areas, a digital signal is sent to the PLC for processing and visualization on the console. To validate the system's performance, several tests were carried out with several pallets with different types of defects. Through these tests it was possible to determine what was possible to identify with this system and which factor is limiting this application, verifying that in motion the response time of the system was restrictive.Finally, it was found that although this pallet inspection system reached almost all the requirements, it was not the desired when the error to be detected was transparent plastic.
The present dissertation, developed within the scope of the 2nd year of the Master in Electrical and Computer Engineering, with a specialization in Automation and Systems, emerged as the conclusion of a project, in an industrial context, carried out at Körber Supply Chain PT. The project presented arises in the sense of developing a pallet inspection system using the least possible mechanical elements, which is capable of replacing the current fully mechanical system. It began with a review of the state of the art, with the objective of verifying what types of pallet inspection systems exist on the market, what academic works have been carried out on the topic, what sensors are possible to use for the inspection of pallets, existing software for processing data from these same sensors, an in-depth look at PLCs and finally what are the existing standards for the construction/inspection of pallets. Subsequently, in order to define the necessary requirements for the creation of the new system, it was necessary to analyze the current system, what are its components, how it works, what are its problems and finally what errors it can identify. After identifying the necessary requirements, the construction of the new pallet inspection system was carried out. This system has a LiDAR sensor as its main element, and some initial tests were carried out to determine the best LiDAR sensor available in the company. It communicates directly with a PLC and the latter with a simulated HMI console. This LiDAR sensor, through its software, allows you to draw 3 areas, and if an object is in one of these areas, a digital signal is sent to the PLC for processing and visualization on the console. To validate the system's performance, several tests were carried out with several pallets with different types of defects. Through these tests it was possible to determine what was possible to identify with this system and which factor is limiting this application, verifying that in motion the response time of the system was restrictive.Finally, it was found that although this pallet inspection system reached almost all the requirements, it was not the desired when the error to be detected was transparent plastic.
Description
Keywords
Inspetor de Paletes LiDAR PLC TIA Portal HMI Pallet Inspector