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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A aplicação de sistemas inteligentes baseados na Internet of Things tem-se tornado essencial na agricultura moderna, permitindo uma gestão mais eficiente dos recursos naturais, como a água e o solo, e um controlo rigoroso de variáveis ambientais, tais como a temperatura e a humidade. Estes sistemas facilitam a implementação de práticas agrícolas de precisão, que resultam numa maior produtividade e sustentabilidade.
No entanto, o sucesso da Internet of Things na agricultura depende fortemente da escolha dos protocolos de comunicação adequados, especialmente em campos de grande extensão, onde a implementação de soluções cabladas seria dispendiosa e impraticável, além de interferir com a operação de máquinas agrícolas. Neste contexto, as tecnologias Low Power Wide-Area surgem como uma solução promissora, permitindo a comunicação a longas distâncias com baixo consumo energético, um fator crucial em ambientes agrícolas, onde a eficiência energética dos dispositivos é uma prioridade. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo desenvolver um dispositivo plug and play que, integrado numa rede IoT escalável, seja capaz de adquirir e transmitir dados em quase tempo real para um servidor. Foram analisados e comparados diferentes protocolos de comunicação wireless, com especial foco na otimização da recolha de dados, na transmissão de informação e eficiência energética. A solução proposta visa garantir altos níveis de autonomia energética e
uma operação contínua, respondendo às necessidades específicas do setor agrícola. Devido a esta necessidade, foi desenvolvido um dispositivo de hardware. Foram feitas as devidas implementações de software e feitos os seus respetivos testes: aquisição e processamento de dados, testes ao circuito de radiofrequência, testes de alcance e testes de eficiência energética, onde foram atingidos quase todos os
objetivos propostos e idealizados.
The application of intelligent systems based on the Internet of Things has become essential in modern agriculture, enabling more efficient management of natural resources such as water and soil, as well as strict control of environmental variables such as temperature and humidity. These systems facilitate the implementation of precision agriculture practices, resulting in increased productivity and sustainability. However, the success of Internet of Things in agriculture heavily depends on the choice of suitable communication protocols, especially in large fields, where the implementation of wired solutions would be costly and impractical, in addition to interfering with the operation of agricultural machinery. In this context, Low Power Wide-Area technologies emerge as a promising solution, allowing long-distance communication with low energy consumption, a crucial factor in agricultural environments where device autonomy is a priority. The main objective of this work is to develop a plug-and-play device that, integrated into a scalable IoT network, is capable of acquiring and transmitting data in near realtime to a server. Different wireless communication protocols were analyzed and compared, with a particular focus on optimizing the triad: data collection, information transmission, and energy efficiency. The proposed solution aims to ensure high levels of energy autonomy and continuous operation, addressing the specific needs of the agricultural sector. Due to this need, a hardware device was developed. The necessary software implementations were carried out and respective tests were conducted: data acquisition and processing, radiofrequency circuit testing, range testing, and energy efficiency testing, where nearly all the proposed and envisioned objectives were achieved.
The application of intelligent systems based on the Internet of Things has become essential in modern agriculture, enabling more efficient management of natural resources such as water and soil, as well as strict control of environmental variables such as temperature and humidity. These systems facilitate the implementation of precision agriculture practices, resulting in increased productivity and sustainability. However, the success of Internet of Things in agriculture heavily depends on the choice of suitable communication protocols, especially in large fields, where the implementation of wired solutions would be costly and impractical, in addition to interfering with the operation of agricultural machinery. In this context, Low Power Wide-Area technologies emerge as a promising solution, allowing long-distance communication with low energy consumption, a crucial factor in agricultural environments where device autonomy is a priority. The main objective of this work is to develop a plug-and-play device that, integrated into a scalable IoT network, is capable of acquiring and transmitting data in near realtime to a server. Different wireless communication protocols were analyzed and compared, with a particular focus on optimizing the triad: data collection, information transmission, and energy efficiency. The proposed solution aims to ensure high levels of energy autonomy and continuous operation, addressing the specific needs of the agricultural sector. Due to this need, a hardware device was developed. The necessary software implementations were carried out and respective tests were conducted: data acquisition and processing, radiofrequency circuit testing, range testing, and energy efficiency testing, where nearly all the proposed and envisioned objectives were achieved.
Description
Keywords
IoT Agricultura de precisão Redes wireless Dispositivos Plug and Play Baixo custo Baixo consumo Low-power wide-area network Precision agriculture Wireless networks Plug and Play Devices Cost-effective Low-power