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| DM_SandraRibeiro_MGIE_2019 | 1.16 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Investigações recentes enfatizam o impacto que o padrão de internacionalização tem sobre
a sobrevivência e o crescimento de pequenas e médias empresas. Entende-se por padrão de
internacionalização o caminho que a empresa escolhe aquando a tomada das principais
decisões estratégicas, nomeadamente, a combinação do momento da primeira entrada no
mercado internacional, o nível de recursos comprometidos, e o modo de entrada.
A associação da psicologia humana aos negócios, nomeadamente, em ambiente
internacional tem evidenciado um crescente interesse científico. Apesar da muita literatura
existente sobre os padrões de internacionalização, o papel do sistema cognitivo como
determinante na escolha do padrão de internacionalização não parece ter recebido a
adequada atenção, especialmente nos estudos referentes ao international business. A
presente investigação pretende colmatar esta lacuna, estabelecendo uma ponte na revisão
literária sobre padrões de internacionalização de empresas, “organizational ambidexterity”
e sistema cognitivo do manager-empreendedor.
Neste sentido, a investigação tem por objetivo verificar se existe influência do sistema
cognitivo do manager-empreendedor, na escolha do padrão de internacionalização,
analisando o Modelo de Uppsala e as International New Ventures. Esta ideia de influência
do sistema cognitivo na literatura dos negócios também é aplicada à orientação de
aprendizagem/adaptação da empresa, a “organizational ambidexterity”, visto que trata do
modo como a empresa encara o mercado internacional. Ainda no âmbito da
“organizational ambidexterity” também pretendemos verificar se existe influência sobre a
escolha do padrão de internacionalização, uma vez que o modo como a empresa pretende
abordar o mercado internacional também é um tema inerente à “organizational
ambidexterity”.
Sugerimos ainda que empresas que possuam caraterísticas, objetivos e necessidades
específicas possam necessitar de possuir um manager com caraterísticas cognitivas
especificas que se adaptem às singularidades de cada empresa.
A análise quantitativa que aqui se implementa foi baseada na recolha de indicadores de
fonte primária, através de um inquérito direto aos alunos inscritos na unidade curricular de
Simulação Empresarial I, da Licenciatura em Ciências Empresarias, da Escola Superior de
Tecnologia e Gestão, do Instituto Politécnico do Porto. O presente estudo incidiu inicialmente sobre uma amostra de 52 estudantes, que enfrentam
relevantes níveis de incerteza sob o projeto empresarial futuro. Contudo a falta de interesse
pela internacionalização levou à reaplicação do teste, dado que era expectável que com a
experiência adquirida em Simulação Empresarial I, os futuros managers-empreendedores
demonstrassem um interesse crescente na internacionalização dos seus negócios/empresas,
sendo que obtivemos uma amostra de 31 estudantes. Porém, surgiu o mesmo problema: a
falta de interesse na internacionalização. Apontamos como principal explicação a este
problema estarmos a lidar com uma amostra com sistema cognitivo de Tipo 2 (racional),
que seguem a “exploitation” organizacional. Isto é, estas duas variáveis aliadas levam a
que os inquiridos optem pelo seu desenvolvimento no mercado doméstico não tendo em
mente apenas o mercado internacional, o qual é considerado racional do ponto de vista da
teoria de internacionalização gradual, estando apenas interessados em desenvolver o que a
empresa já conquistou.
Ainda assim o nosso estudo prosseguiu, possibilitando constatar a existência duma real
ligação, verificada através de análises estatísticas, entre o sistema cognitivo com a
“organizational ambidexterity”, e uma possível ligação, verificada através de análise de
gráficos, entre o sistema cognitivo e a “organizational ambidexterity” na escolha do padrão
de internacionalização.
Recent investigations emphasize the impact that the internationalization pattern has on the survival and growth on the small and medium-sized companies. The internationalization pattern means the path that the company chooses when they make the main strategic decisions, namely, the combination the first entry into the international market, the level of committed resources, and the mode of entry. The association of human psychology on the businesses, particularly, in the international environment has shown an increasing scientific interest. Although there is a lot of literature on internationalization patterns, the role of the cognitive system as determinant of the internationalization pattern does not seem to have received the attention needed, especially on the studies related to international business. The present research intends to fill this gap, establishing a connection in the literary review on internationalization patterns of the companies, organizational ambidexterity and cognitive system of manager-entrepreneur. In this sense, this research aims to verify if there is any influence of the managerentrepreneur’s cognitive system, on choosing the internationalization pattern, by analysing the Uppsala Model and the International New Ventures. The influence of the cognitive system on the business literature is also applied to the learning /adaptation of the company and the organizational ambidexterity, since it deals with the way the company faces the international market. Also, within the ambit of organizational ambidexterity we also want to check if there is any influence on the choice of the internationalization pattern, since the way the company intends to approach the international market is also an inherent subject of organizational ambidexterity. We also suggest that companies who possess specific characteristics, goals and needs may need to have a manager with specific cognitive characteristics that adapt to the needs of each company. The empirical/quantitative analysis used in this study is based on a collection of primary source indicators, through a direct survey of students enrolled in the subject unit Business Simulation I of the degree in business science, School of Management and Technology of Polytechnic of Porto. The present study initially focused on a sample of 52 students, who face significant levels of uncertainty about the future business project. However, given the lack of interest in internationalization, the test was re-applied since it was expected that with the experience acquired in Business Simulation I, the futures entrepreneurs would show a growing interest in the internationalization of their businesses, and we obtained a sample of 31 students. Nevertheless, the problem persisted: the lack of interest in internationalization. We point out as the main explanation to this problem the fact that we are dealing with a cognitive system sample of Type 2 (rational), which follows the organizational exploitation. These two allied variables lead’s the respondents to opt for their development in the domestic market not having in mind the international market, which is considered rational from the point of view of the gradual internationalization theory, being only interested in developing what the company has already conquered. Still, our study proceeded, allowing us to verify the existence of a connection, verified through statistical analysis between the cognitive system and organizational ambidexterity, and a possible link, verified through graph analysis, between the cognitive system and the organizational ambidexterity on the choice of internationalization standard.
Recent investigations emphasize the impact that the internationalization pattern has on the survival and growth on the small and medium-sized companies. The internationalization pattern means the path that the company chooses when they make the main strategic decisions, namely, the combination the first entry into the international market, the level of committed resources, and the mode of entry. The association of human psychology on the businesses, particularly, in the international environment has shown an increasing scientific interest. Although there is a lot of literature on internationalization patterns, the role of the cognitive system as determinant of the internationalization pattern does not seem to have received the attention needed, especially on the studies related to international business. The present research intends to fill this gap, establishing a connection in the literary review on internationalization patterns of the companies, organizational ambidexterity and cognitive system of manager-entrepreneur. In this sense, this research aims to verify if there is any influence of the managerentrepreneur’s cognitive system, on choosing the internationalization pattern, by analysing the Uppsala Model and the International New Ventures. The influence of the cognitive system on the business literature is also applied to the learning /adaptation of the company and the organizational ambidexterity, since it deals with the way the company faces the international market. Also, within the ambit of organizational ambidexterity we also want to check if there is any influence on the choice of the internationalization pattern, since the way the company intends to approach the international market is also an inherent subject of organizational ambidexterity. We also suggest that companies who possess specific characteristics, goals and needs may need to have a manager with specific cognitive characteristics that adapt to the needs of each company. The empirical/quantitative analysis used in this study is based on a collection of primary source indicators, through a direct survey of students enrolled in the subject unit Business Simulation I of the degree in business science, School of Management and Technology of Polytechnic of Porto. The present study initially focused on a sample of 52 students, who face significant levels of uncertainty about the future business project. However, given the lack of interest in internationalization, the test was re-applied since it was expected that with the experience acquired in Business Simulation I, the futures entrepreneurs would show a growing interest in the internationalization of their businesses, and we obtained a sample of 31 students. Nevertheless, the problem persisted: the lack of interest in internationalization. We point out as the main explanation to this problem the fact that we are dealing with a cognitive system sample of Type 2 (rational), which follows the organizational exploitation. These two allied variables lead’s the respondents to opt for their development in the domestic market not having in mind the international market, which is considered rational from the point of view of the gradual internationalization theory, being only interested in developing what the company has already conquered. Still, our study proceeded, allowing us to verify the existence of a connection, verified through statistical analysis between the cognitive system and organizational ambidexterity, and a possible link, verified through graph analysis, between the cognitive system and the organizational ambidexterity on the choice of internationalization standard.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Internacionalização de Empresas
Keywords
Sistema Cognitivo Exploitation Exploration Organizational Ambidexterity Modelo de Uppsala International New Venture
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão