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Sistemas regionais de inovação nas regiões europeias: O papel dos ecossistemas de inovação
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Abstract(s)
Num mundo em constante mudança, a inovação é considerada o motor da competitividade e do crescimento económico das regiões. Este é um tema que, cada vez mais, tem vindo a despertar interesse por parte dos investigadores, formuladores de políticas e gestores regionais.
Portanto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar os processos de inovação e o investimento em I&D por parte das empresas europeias, explorando os seus sistemas regionais de inovação, através de 4 objetivos específicos. Primeiramente, procurou-se identificar os fatores determinantes da inovação, bem como as suas consequências. Subsequentemente, pretendeu-se proceder à classificação das regiões europeias em termos de inovação. De seguida, identificar as condições necessárias e suficientes para explicar os diferentes níveis de performance inovadora. Por fim, a investigação visa examinar de que forma o investimento em I&D por parte de empresas, universidades e institutos de investigação, aliado à interação entre esses distintos agentes, desempenha um papel fundamental na constituição de sistemas regionais de inovação na União Europeia.
Neste contexto, foi realizada uma análise estatística, aos dados provenientes do Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2021 (RIS 2021), com recurso a uma metodologia quantitativa. Numa primeira fase foram realizadas três técnicas multivariadas, a análise fatorial, a análise de clusters e a análise comparativa qualitativa de conjuntos fuzzy, com o propósito de estudar de forma abrangente a dinâmica da inovação nas regiões europeias. Numa segunda fase, pretendeu-se aplicar ao contexto europeu uma abordagem semelhante à seguida por Jiao et al., (2016) intitulada “The more interactions the better? The moderating effect of the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge on the relationship between R&D investment and regional innovation systems”, recorrendo a uma regressão ridge.
Os resultados sugerem que as regiões "Emerging Innovator" apresentam um fraco desempenho. As "Moderate Innovators" focam-se na adaptação e aplicação do conhecimento existente. As "Strong Innovators" valorizam a colaboração e qualificação dos recursos humanos. Por fim, os "Innovation Leaders" combinam capacidades internas, investimentos estratégicos e preservação do conhecimento, fortalecendo a posição no mercado, mesmo sem parcerias externas.
Adicionalmente os resultados sugerem que o investimento em I&D tanto por parte das empresas quanto das universidades e institutos de investigação é fundamental para o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos sistemas de inovação regionais. Além disso, a interação moderada entre produtores locais e utilizadores do conhecimento revela-se mais adequada para otimizar a criação de sistemas regionais de inovação.
In a world of constant change, innovation is considered to be the driving force behind competitiveness and economic growth in regions. This is a topic that is increasingly attracting the interest of researchers, policy makers and regional managers. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to investigate innovation processes and R&D investment by European companies, exploring their regional innovation systems, through 4 specific objectives. Firstly, we sought to identify the determinants of innovation, as well as its consequences. Subsequently, the aim was to classify European regions in terms of innovation. Next, to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions to explain the different levels of innovative performance. Finally, the research aims to examine how investment in R&D by companies, universities and research institutes, together with the interaction between these different agents, plays a fundamental role in the creation of regional innovation systems in the European Union. In this context, the data from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2021 (RIS 2021) was statistically analysed using a quantitative methodology. In a first phase, two multivariate techniques were carried out, factor analysis and cluster analysis and a qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets, with the aim of comprehensively studying the dynamics of innovation in European regions. In a second phase, the aim was to apply to the European context an approach similar to that followed by Jiao et al. (2016) entitled ‘The more interactions the better? The moderating effect of the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge on the relationship between R&D investment and regional innovation systems’, using a ridge regression. The results suggest that ‘Emerging Innovator’ regions perform poorly. Moderate Innovators focus on adapting and applying existing knowledge. Strong Innovators’ value collaboration and the qualification of human resources. Finally, the ‘Innovation Leaders’ combine internal capacities, strategic investments and knowledge preservation, strengthening their market position even without external partnerships. In addition, the results suggest that investment in R&D by both companies and universities and research institutes is fundamental to the growth and development of regional innovation systems. Moreover, moderate interaction between local producers and users of knowledge is more suitable for optimising the creation of regional innovation systems.
In a world of constant change, innovation is considered to be the driving force behind competitiveness and economic growth in regions. This is a topic that is increasingly attracting the interest of researchers, policy makers and regional managers. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to investigate innovation processes and R&D investment by European companies, exploring their regional innovation systems, through 4 specific objectives. Firstly, we sought to identify the determinants of innovation, as well as its consequences. Subsequently, the aim was to classify European regions in terms of innovation. Next, to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions to explain the different levels of innovative performance. Finally, the research aims to examine how investment in R&D by companies, universities and research institutes, together with the interaction between these different agents, plays a fundamental role in the creation of regional innovation systems in the European Union. In this context, the data from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2021 (RIS 2021) was statistically analysed using a quantitative methodology. In a first phase, two multivariate techniques were carried out, factor analysis and cluster analysis and a qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets, with the aim of comprehensively studying the dynamics of innovation in European regions. In a second phase, the aim was to apply to the European context an approach similar to that followed by Jiao et al. (2016) entitled ‘The more interactions the better? The moderating effect of the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge on the relationship between R&D investment and regional innovation systems’, using a ridge regression. The results suggest that ‘Emerging Innovator’ regions perform poorly. Moderate Innovators focus on adapting and applying existing knowledge. Strong Innovators’ value collaboration and the qualification of human resources. Finally, the ‘Innovation Leaders’ combine internal capacities, strategic investments and knowledge preservation, strengthening their market position even without external partnerships. In addition, the results suggest that investment in R&D by both companies and universities and research institutes is fundamental to the growth and development of regional innovation systems. Moreover, moderate interaction between local producers and users of knowledge is more suitable for optimising the creation of regional innovation systems.
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RIS Europa fsQCA Interação entre Produtores Locais e Utilizadores do Conhecimento
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