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Abstract(s)
O principal objetivo desta dissertação foi efetuar uma auditoria energética à máquina de impregnação de cordas para pneus com 4 estufas – Single-End 1 – tendo em conta a realização de uma análise energética prévia da máquina de impregnação de cordas com 2 estufas – Single-End 2. Apesar da energia elétrica ser a fonte de energia mais utilizada na empresa, cerca de 74,2 %, as máquinas de impregnação de cordas Single-End 1 e Single-End 2 consomem essencialmente gás natural, correspondente a 88,1 % da energia total consumida nas mesmas. A otimização energética teve então como objetivo a diminuição do consumo de gás natural. Inicialmente, foi efetuado um levantamento energético dos consumos na máquina SingleEnd 1, nas diferentes condições de operação, obtendo-se os valores de 56,2 kW e de 65,3 kW para as perdas térmicas, calculadas através dos balanços de energia e de correlações empíricas, respetivamente. Como medidas de otimização de energia na máquina Single-End 1, verificou-se que com o isolamento da máquina será possível uma poupança anual máxima de 4758 € em gás natural. A redução dos tempos de paragem poderá resultar em poupanças de gás natural significativas de 13,4 % no artigo N0 e 20,3 % no artigo H2. Através da instalação do sistema EcoVac, nas 4 estufas, o consumo de gás natural poderá diminuir 8,3 %, 7,5 % e 7,3 % para os artigos N0, H1 e H2, respetivamente. O aproveitamento energético dos gases de exaustão foi também uma medida de otimização energética avaliada, onde o pré-aquecimento até 60 ºC, de 70 % do caudal de ar fresco admitido, possibilitará uma poupança de 9,8 % de gás natural. Para garantir a entrada deste caudal será necessário aumentar o diâmetro dos tubos de admissão de ar fresco das 4 estufas para cerca de 190 mm. Por último, desligar as lâmpadas, que são desnecessárias durante o funcionamento da máquina, poderá originar uma redução de 649 € na fatura anual de eletricidade.
The main objective of this dissertation was to perform an energy audit to the tire cord impregnation machine with 4 heat zones – Single-End 1 – taking into account a previous energy analysis of the cord impregnation machine with 2 heat zones – Single-End 2. Although electric energy is the most used energy source in the company, around 74,2 %, the Single-End 1 and Single-End 2 cord impregnation machines consume mainly natural gas, corresponding to 88,1 % of the total energy consumed by them. Energy optimization was therefore aimed at reducing natural gas consumption. Initially, an energy survey was made of the consumptions in the Single-End 1 machine, in the different operational conditions, obtaining the values of 56,2 kW and 65,3 kW for thermal losses, calculated using energy balances and empirical correlations, respectively. As energy optimization measures in the Single-End 1 machine, it was found that with the isolation of the machine it will be possible to achieve maximum annual savings of 4758 € in natural gas. Reducing downtimes can result in significant natural gas savings of 13,4 % in article N0 and 20,3 % in article H2. Through the installation of the EcoVac system, in the 4 heat zones, natural gas consumption could be reduced by 8,3 %, 7,5 % and 7,3 % for articles N0, H1 and H2, respectively. The energy use of exhaust gases was also an energy optimization measure evaluated, where the pre-heating to 60 ºC, of 70 % of the admitted fresh air flow, will allow a saving of 9,8 % of natural gas. To guarantee the intake of this flow, it will be necessary to increase the diameter of the fresh air intake tubes of the 4 heat zones to about 190 mm. Finally, turning off the lamps, which are unnecessary during machine operation, could lead to a reduction of 649 € in the annual electricity bill.
The main objective of this dissertation was to perform an energy audit to the tire cord impregnation machine with 4 heat zones – Single-End 1 – taking into account a previous energy analysis of the cord impregnation machine with 2 heat zones – Single-End 2. Although electric energy is the most used energy source in the company, around 74,2 %, the Single-End 1 and Single-End 2 cord impregnation machines consume mainly natural gas, corresponding to 88,1 % of the total energy consumed by them. Energy optimization was therefore aimed at reducing natural gas consumption. Initially, an energy survey was made of the consumptions in the Single-End 1 machine, in the different operational conditions, obtaining the values of 56,2 kW and 65,3 kW for thermal losses, calculated using energy balances and empirical correlations, respectively. As energy optimization measures in the Single-End 1 machine, it was found that with the isolation of the machine it will be possible to achieve maximum annual savings of 4758 € in natural gas. Reducing downtimes can result in significant natural gas savings of 13,4 % in article N0 and 20,3 % in article H2. Through the installation of the EcoVac system, in the 4 heat zones, natural gas consumption could be reduced by 8,3 %, 7,5 % and 7,3 % for articles N0, H1 and H2, respectively. The energy use of exhaust gases was also an energy optimization measure evaluated, where the pre-heating to 60 ºC, of 70 % of the admitted fresh air flow, will allow a saving of 9,8 % of natural gas. To guarantee the intake of this flow, it will be necessary to increase the diameter of the fresh air intake tubes of the 4 heat zones to about 190 mm. Finally, turning off the lamps, which are unnecessary during machine operation, could lead to a reduction of 649 € in the annual electricity bill.
Description
Keywords
Máquinas de impregnação de cordas Consumos energéticos Balanços de massa e de energia Otimização energética Cord impregnation machines Energy consumption Mass and energy balances Energy optimization