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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O tema desta tese aparece na sequência da necessidade de resolução de um problema da empresa Fielconforto que realiza a limpeza de filtros de estabelecimentos da restauração gerando gorduras como resíduo.
Este trabalho tem como objetivos caracterizar e valorizar resíduos gordurosos e a execução de uma proposta para uma máquina de limpeza automática de filtros que funcione em contínuo e que seja capaz de limpar 200 filtros por dia.
Na caracterização de gorduras foi constatado que as gorduras A, B e D apresentam uma certa consistência em relação às suas propriedades, apresentando valores de Índice de acidez de 6,39 mg KOH/g, 5,06 mg KOH/g e 6,00 mg KOH/g e para o índice de saponificação valores de 224,14 mg KOH/g, 219,56 mg KOH/g e 216,95 mg KOH/g para as gorduras A, B e D respetivamente.
Na caracterização de efluentes gordurosos, o efluente que apresentou ter maior teor de gordura foi o efluente F, com um valor de 59,87 %(m/m).
Para a valorização dos resíduos gordurosos produziu-se biodiesel e óleos sulfatados. De acordo com o estudo feito para avaliar o potencial dos resíduos para a produção de biodiesel, ficou demonstrada tal possibilidade. Os óleos sulfatados produzidos resultaram em teores de SO3 combinado de 1,7 %, 1,17% e 2,83%, e foram utilizados para engordurar peles, sendo o óleo denominado como G2, o que apresenta um teor de SO3 combinado de 1,17%,o que apresentou melhores resultados, tendo mesmo em certos aspetos apresentado um melhor desempenho relativamente ao processo de engorduramento parão.
Propôs-se uma máquina de limpeza automática de filtros que apresenta as seguintes etapas: tanque térmico para imersão dos filtros de forma continua, zona de limpeza contínua dos filtros para uma face, zona de viragem dos filtros, zona de limpeza contínua para a outra face dos filtros e zona de enxaguamento e secagem dos filtros. A máquina em questão carece de ajustes e especificações sob o ponto de vista eletromecânica no sentido de se partir para a construção de um protótipo.
The theme of this thesis appears in the sequence of the need to solve a problema of the company Fielconforto, which performs the cleaning of filters of establishments in the restoration business that generates greasy residues. This work aims to characterize and value greasy residues and the execution of a proposal for an automatic filter cleaning machine that runs continuously and that is capable of cleaning 200 filters per day. In the characterization of fats it was verified that the fats A, B and D present a certain consistency in relation to their properties, presenting values of acidity of 6.39 mg KOH/g, 5,06 mg KOH/g and 6,00 mg KOH/g for the saponification index values of 224.14 mg KOH/g, 219.56 mg KOH/g and 216.95 mg KOH/g for the fats A, B and D respectively. In the characterization of greasy effluents, the effluent that presented the highest fat content was the effluent F, with a value of 59.87%(m/m). Biodiesel and sulfated oils were produced for the valorization of greasy residues. According to the study done to evaluate the potential of the residues for the production of biodiesel, this possibility was demonstrated as possible. The sulfated oils produced resulted in a combined SO3 content of 1,7%, 1,17% and 2,83%, and were used to grease skins, the oil denominated as G2, which has a combined SO3 content of 1,17%, was the one that presented better results, and even in certain aspects presented a better performance than the standard grease process. The automatic filter cleaning machine that was proposed has the following steps: thermal tank for the continuous immersion of the filters, the continuous cleaning of the filters for one face, the turning of the filters, the continuous cleaning for the other side of the filters and the rinsing and drying of the filters. This machine needs adjustments and specifications from the electromechanical point of view in order to start the construction of a prototype.
The theme of this thesis appears in the sequence of the need to solve a problema of the company Fielconforto, which performs the cleaning of filters of establishments in the restoration business that generates greasy residues. This work aims to characterize and value greasy residues and the execution of a proposal for an automatic filter cleaning machine that runs continuously and that is capable of cleaning 200 filters per day. In the characterization of fats it was verified that the fats A, B and D present a certain consistency in relation to their properties, presenting values of acidity of 6.39 mg KOH/g, 5,06 mg KOH/g and 6,00 mg KOH/g for the saponification index values of 224.14 mg KOH/g, 219.56 mg KOH/g and 216.95 mg KOH/g for the fats A, B and D respectively. In the characterization of greasy effluents, the effluent that presented the highest fat content was the effluent F, with a value of 59.87%(m/m). Biodiesel and sulfated oils were produced for the valorization of greasy residues. According to the study done to evaluate the potential of the residues for the production of biodiesel, this possibility was demonstrated as possible. The sulfated oils produced resulted in a combined SO3 content of 1,7%, 1,17% and 2,83%, and were used to grease skins, the oil denominated as G2, which has a combined SO3 content of 1,17%, was the one that presented better results, and even in certain aspects presented a better performance than the standard grease process. The automatic filter cleaning machine that was proposed has the following steps: thermal tank for the continuous immersion of the filters, the continuous cleaning of the filters for one face, the turning of the filters, the continuous cleaning for the other side of the filters and the rinsing and drying of the filters. This machine needs adjustments and specifications from the electromechanical point of view in order to start the construction of a prototype.
Description
Keywords
Biodiesel Óleo sulfatado Resíduos gordurosos Máquina Limpeza automática Sulfated oil Greasy residues Machine Automatic cleaning