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Os bombeiros são um grupo ocupacional altamente exposto a um grande número de poluentes atmosféricos, incluindo os hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs). O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo a caracterização da exposição de bombeiros a dezoito PAHs [dezasseis classificados como poluentes prioritários pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental Americana (US-EPA), o benzo(j)fluoranteno, e o dibenzo(a,l)pireno], recorrendo à monitorização do ar pessoal respirado pelos mesmos.
Foram recolhidas amostras de ar respirável de bombeiros de 3 corporações do distrito de Bragança, Vinhais, Alfândega da Fé e Mirandela, em ambiente de quartel. A metodologia laboratorial utilizada para a extração dos PAHs dos filtros de partículas recolhidas foi a extração assistida por micro-ondas. A separação e quantificação dos 18 PAHs extraídos dos filtros de partículas foi efetuada através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com um detetor de fluorescência e um outro de fotodíodos.
Verifica-se que dos 18 PAHs analisados, apenas 12 foram encontrados no ar respirável dos bombeiros. Não foram detetados os seguintes compostos: acenaftileno, benzo(b)fluoranteno, benzo(j)fluoranteno, benzo(k)fluoranteno, dibenzo(a,l)pireno e indeno(1,2,3, c-d)pireno.
Relativamente aos níveis totais de PAHs detetados no ar respirável dos bombeiros, as concentrações variaram de 7,69 ng/m3 a 70,8 ng/m3, para os bombeiros das corporações deste estudo.
Da avaliação de risco efetuada, obtiveram-se valores de quantidades totais equivalentes de toxicidade na ordem dos 1,04×10-3 a 1,95×10-2 µg/m3de equivalentes de benzo(a)pireno. Os riscos aumentados de cancro ao longo da vida foram estimados e revelaram-se inferiores a 10-6, pelo que se pode concluir que o ar respirável dos bombeiros é seguro relativamente à sua composição em PAHs
Firefighters constitute an occupational group that is highly exposed to a large number of air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The main objective of this study was to characterize firefighters exposure to eighteen PAHs [sixteen classified as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, benzo(j)fluoranthene, and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene] by personal air monitoring. Breathable air samples were collected from firefighters while performing their routine tasks in 3 different corporations of the district of Bragança, namely Vinhais, Alfândega da Fé and Mirandela. A validated microwave-assisted extraction methodology was used to extract the compounds from the collected particle filters. Separation and quantification of the 18 analyzed PAHs were performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector and photodiode array detector in series. Out of the 18 PAHs analyzed, only 12 were found in the breathing zones of firefighters. The following compounds were not found: acenaphthylene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenzo(a,l)pyrene and indeno(1,2,3,c-d)pyrene. Regarding the total levels of PAHs in the breathing zones of firefighters, the concentrations ranged from 7.69 to 70.8 ng/m3 in the characterized fire stations. The results of the risks assessment showed that firefighters were exposed to total benzo(a)pyrene equivalents ranging from 1.04×10-3 to 1.95×10-2 μg/m3. In addition, the incremental lifetime cancer risks were below the recommend USEPA guideline of 10−6 and thus negligible for all the studied individuals
Firefighters constitute an occupational group that is highly exposed to a large number of air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The main objective of this study was to characterize firefighters exposure to eighteen PAHs [sixteen classified as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, benzo(j)fluoranthene, and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene] by personal air monitoring. Breathable air samples were collected from firefighters while performing their routine tasks in 3 different corporations of the district of Bragança, namely Vinhais, Alfândega da Fé and Mirandela. A validated microwave-assisted extraction methodology was used to extract the compounds from the collected particle filters. Separation and quantification of the 18 analyzed PAHs were performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector and photodiode array detector in series. Out of the 18 PAHs analyzed, only 12 were found in the breathing zones of firefighters. The following compounds were not found: acenaphthylene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, dibenzo(a,l)pyrene and indeno(1,2,3,c-d)pyrene. Regarding the total levels of PAHs in the breathing zones of firefighters, the concentrations ranged from 7.69 to 70.8 ng/m3 in the characterized fire stations. The results of the risks assessment showed that firefighters were exposed to total benzo(a)pyrene equivalents ranging from 1.04×10-3 to 1.95×10-2 μg/m3. In addition, the incremental lifetime cancer risks were below the recommend USEPA guideline of 10−6 and thus negligible for all the studied individuals
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Exposição ocupacional Hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos Avaliação de risco Bombeiros Occupational exposure Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Risk assessment Firefighters