| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.96 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Num contexto em que a ocorrência de catástrofes naturais ou desastres provocados por falha humana são uma incerteza, é vital um plano de emergência extremamente bem estruturado, otimizado e eficaz no que diz respeito a efetuar o processo no menor tempo possível na sua totalidade. De salientar que o comportamento humano, a falta de conhecimento dos edifícios e obstáculos são pontos essenciais que influenciam o tempo de evacuação total. Deste modo, a simulação computacional permitiu a análise e otimização da evacuação e, consequentemente, elucidar os responsáveis pela melhor tomada de decisão. A presente dissertação teve como foco o estudo do papel de um dos pilares da Indústria 4.0 no setor da saúde, nomeadamente, a simulação. Assim, o principal objetivo teve como ênfase o desenvolvimento de um sistema de apoio à decisão através do software Pathfinder na Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas Rainha Santa Isabel, cujo requerente é a Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Marco de Canaveses. Neste sentido, o modelo de simulação permitiu estudar e analisar 9 cenários de evacuação distintos, tendo em conta o recurso ao elevador e a utilização de determinadas saídas de emergência. Desta forma, a análise dos diversos cenários permitiu
comparar e avaliar o impacto dos mesmos na evacuação dos 82 ocupantes que contemplam a capacidade máxima do edifício. Nessa avaliação foi possível analisar e identificar pontos críticos e de estrangulamento ao longo da evacuação, obter resultados e apresentar melhorias para mitigar possíveis problemas existentes.
Em todos os cenários a velocidade dos ocupantes manteve-se a mesma, sendo de 1,2 m/s para perfis como idosos e responsáveis de evacuação que auxiliam os utentes de cadeira de rodas. Os ocupantes com perfis de técnicos e cozinheiras evacuam a uma velocidade de 1,4 m/s. Salienta-se que os ocupantes evacuaram sem orientação ao longo de todo o processo. Através dos resultados obtidos pela simulação no software Pathfinder, foi possível aferir que a evacuação dos 82 ocupantes está compreendida entre os 74,6 e os 215,6 segundos. Deste modo, observou-se que na maioria dos casos o recurso ao elevador significa um incremento do tempo total de evacuação. Assim, pode-se concluir que os cenários que se mostraram mais eficientes foram os cenários 1 e 3, dado que apresentam o tempo total de evacuação menor, 156,9 segundos. Como fatores decisivos, estes cenários apresentaram menor distância percorrida e o tempo médio de evacuação por ocupante, 42,4 metros e 47,4 segundos, respetivamente. Concluiu-se que as vias de evacuação sul evacuam rapidamente os utentes localizados nessas alas numa fase inicial. As vias de evacuação central de acesso a pisos inferiores demonstram um cariz vital para uma evacuação mais rápida e eficiente. Por último, num cenário onde os utentes se encontram em horário de refeição, cenário 9, analisou-se que os ocupantes utilizam maioritariamente as saídas de emergência norte. Uma vez que as saídas principais se encontram ao dobro da distância. Assim, a evacuação mais eficaz neste cenário demonstrou um tempo total para completar o processo de evacuação de 74,6 segundos.
In a context where the occurrence of natural disasters or disasters caused by human error is uncertain. According to that have an extremely well-structured, optimized, and effective emergency plan is vital in terms of carrying out the entire process in the shortest possible time. It should be noted that human behavior, lack of knowledge of buildings, and obstacles are essential points that influence the total evacuation time. The computer simulation allows the analysis and optimization of the evacuation and, consequently, making the best decision making. This master’s thesis focused on studying the role of one of the Industry 4.0 pillars in the healthcare sector, the simulation. Thus, the main objective was to emphasize the development of a decision support system through the Pathfinder software in the Residential Structure for Elderly People Rainha Santa Isabel, whose applicant is Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Marco de Canaveses. The simulation model allowed the study and analysis of 9 different evacuation scenarios, considering the use of the elevator and the use of certain emergency exits. In this way, the analysis of the different scenarios made it possible to compare and evaluate their impact on the evacuation of the 82 occupants, which is the maximum capacity of the building. In this assessment, it was possible to analyze and identify critical and bottleneck points throughout the evacuation, obtain results, and present improvements to mitigate potential problems. In all scenarios, the speed of the occupants remained the same, 1.2 m/s for profiles of elderly people and evacuation managers who assist wheelchair users. Occupants with profiles of technicians and cooks evacuated at a speed of 1.4 m/s. It should be noted that the occupants evacuated without guidance throughout the entire process. Through the results obtained by the simulation in the Pathfinder software, it was possible to determine that the evacuation of the 82 occupants took between 74.6 and 215.6 seconds. Therefore, it was observed that in most cases, using the elevator means an increase in the total evacuation time. Then, it was observed that in most cases the use of the elevator showed an increase in the total evacuation time. It can be concluded that the most efficient cases were scenarios 1 and 3, given that they have a shorter total evacuation time, 156.9 seconds. As decisive factors, these scenarios presented a shorter distance traveled and the average evacuation time per occupant were 42.4 meters and 47.4 seconds, respectively. It was concluded that the southern evacuation routes quickly evacuated users located in these wings at an early stage. The central escape routes to access the lower floors are vital for faster and more efficient evacuation. Finally, in a scenario where users are at mealtime, scenario 9, it was analyzed that occupants mostly use the northern emergency exits, as a result of the main exits are twice as far away. Lastly, the most effective evacuation in this scenario has a total time of 74.6 seconds to complete the evacuation process.
In a context where the occurrence of natural disasters or disasters caused by human error is uncertain. According to that have an extremely well-structured, optimized, and effective emergency plan is vital in terms of carrying out the entire process in the shortest possible time. It should be noted that human behavior, lack of knowledge of buildings, and obstacles are essential points that influence the total evacuation time. The computer simulation allows the analysis and optimization of the evacuation and, consequently, making the best decision making. This master’s thesis focused on studying the role of one of the Industry 4.0 pillars in the healthcare sector, the simulation. Thus, the main objective was to emphasize the development of a decision support system through the Pathfinder software in the Residential Structure for Elderly People Rainha Santa Isabel, whose applicant is Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Marco de Canaveses. The simulation model allowed the study and analysis of 9 different evacuation scenarios, considering the use of the elevator and the use of certain emergency exits. In this way, the analysis of the different scenarios made it possible to compare and evaluate their impact on the evacuation of the 82 occupants, which is the maximum capacity of the building. In this assessment, it was possible to analyze and identify critical and bottleneck points throughout the evacuation, obtain results, and present improvements to mitigate potential problems. In all scenarios, the speed of the occupants remained the same, 1.2 m/s for profiles of elderly people and evacuation managers who assist wheelchair users. Occupants with profiles of technicians and cooks evacuated at a speed of 1.4 m/s. It should be noted that the occupants evacuated without guidance throughout the entire process. Through the results obtained by the simulation in the Pathfinder software, it was possible to determine that the evacuation of the 82 occupants took between 74.6 and 215.6 seconds. Therefore, it was observed that in most cases, using the elevator means an increase in the total evacuation time. Then, it was observed that in most cases the use of the elevator showed an increase in the total evacuation time. It can be concluded that the most efficient cases were scenarios 1 and 3, given that they have a shorter total evacuation time, 156.9 seconds. As decisive factors, these scenarios presented a shorter distance traveled and the average evacuation time per occupant were 42.4 meters and 47.4 seconds, respectively. It was concluded that the southern evacuation routes quickly evacuated users located in these wings at an early stage. The central escape routes to access the lower floors are vital for faster and more efficient evacuation. Finally, in a scenario where users are at mealtime, scenario 9, it was analyzed that occupants mostly use the northern emergency exits, as a result of the main exits are twice as far away. Lastly, the most effective evacuation in this scenario has a total time of 74.6 seconds to complete the evacuation process.
Description
Keywords
Pathfinder Cenários de Evacuação Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas Tempo Total de Evacuação Mobilidade Reduzida Simulação no Setor da Saúde Cenários de evacuação Estrutura residencial para pessoas idosas Total tempo de evacuação Mobilidade reduzida Simulação no setor da saúde