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Estudo paramétrico da gasificação de uma gordura a partir da modelação em Aspen Plus
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), no âmbito
da unidade curricular Dissertação/Estágio (DISEST), integrada no plano de estudos do Mestrado
em Engenharia Química e no Centro de Inovação em Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial (CIETI).
O principal objetivo consistiu no estudo paramétrico da gasificação de uma gordura animal a
partir da modelação no programa informático Aspen Plus. A validação paramétrica foi avaliada
para os seguintes parâmetros: temperatura, a 750˚ C e a 950˚ C e razão, em massa, de vaporbiomassa
(S/B) de 50/50 e de 75/25.
Deste modo, realizaram-se duas simulações: a Simulação 1 e a Simulação 2, sendo que o
modelo selecionado consiste num modelo de equilíbrio, não estequiométrico, baseado na
minimização da energia livre de Gibbs para a composição em equilíbrio da gasificação.
A principal diferença entre simulações foi o modo como a biomassa em estudo foi
caracterizada no simulador. Para a Simulação 1 assumiu-se que a gordura animal seria
equivalente a um carvão, sendo selecionados os métodos de previsão de propriedades
termodinâmicas HCOALGEN e DCOALIGT, que permitem prever a entalpia de formação e a
densidade, respetivamente, com base na caracterização elementar, imediata e da análise de
enxofre. Na Simulação 1 utilizaram-se três modelos de reatores distintos: RStoic, RYield e RGibbs.
Na Simulação 2 optou-se por uma abordagem mais direta e considerou-se que a gordura seria
constituída por componentes frequentemente presentes em gorduras animais e vegetais. Neste
caso, a simulação é apenas composta por um reator RGibbs, onde se atinge o equilíbrio da
gasificação.
Ao nível da simulação, também se determinou a temperatura para a qual a composição da
corrente gasosa simulada mais se aproxima da composição obtida experimentalmente, através
da minimização da soma dos quadrados dos resíduos, recorrendo à ferramenta de otimização
do simulador.
This work was carried out at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), as part of the course Dissertation/Internship (DISEST), which is part of the master’s degree in chemical engineering, and it also took place at the Center of Innovation and Industrial Engineering and Technology (CIETI). The main purpose was to study and validate parameters for the gasification of animal fat using Aspen Plus software. Parametric validation was performed for the following parameters: the temperature, at 750˚ C and 950˚ C and the mass steam-to-biomass ratio (S/B) of 50/50 and 75/25. Two simulations were carried out: Simulation 1 and Simulation 2. The model selected is an equilibrium model, non-stoichiometric, based on minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the equilibrium composition of the gasification stage. The main difference between the simulations lies in how the biomass under study is characterized. For Simulation 1, the animal fat was assumed to be equivalent to coal, and HCOALGEN and DCOALIGT thermodynamic property prediction methods were selected, which make it possible to predict enthalpy of formation and density, respectively, based on ultimate, proximate and sulphur analysis. Simulation 1 used three different models of reactors: RStoic, RYield and RGibbs blocks. Simulation 2 took a simpler and direct approach, considering that the fat would be made up of components often found in animal and vegetable fats. In this case, the simulation only consists of a RGibbs reactor, where gasification equilibrium is reached. In the simulation the temperature at which the composition of the simulated gas stream was determined is closest to the composition obtained experimentally, by minimizing the sum of squares of the residuals, using the simulator’s optimization tool.
This work was carried out at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), as part of the course Dissertation/Internship (DISEST), which is part of the master’s degree in chemical engineering, and it also took place at the Center of Innovation and Industrial Engineering and Technology (CIETI). The main purpose was to study and validate parameters for the gasification of animal fat using Aspen Plus software. Parametric validation was performed for the following parameters: the temperature, at 750˚ C and 950˚ C and the mass steam-to-biomass ratio (S/B) of 50/50 and 75/25. Two simulations were carried out: Simulation 1 and Simulation 2. The model selected is an equilibrium model, non-stoichiometric, based on minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the equilibrium composition of the gasification stage. The main difference between the simulations lies in how the biomass under study is characterized. For Simulation 1, the animal fat was assumed to be equivalent to coal, and HCOALGEN and DCOALIGT thermodynamic property prediction methods were selected, which make it possible to predict enthalpy of formation and density, respectively, based on ultimate, proximate and sulphur analysis. Simulation 1 used three different models of reactors: RStoic, RYield and RGibbs blocks. Simulation 2 took a simpler and direct approach, considering that the fat would be made up of components often found in animal and vegetable fats. In this case, the simulation only consists of a RGibbs reactor, where gasification equilibrium is reached. In the simulation the temperature at which the composition of the simulated gas stream was determined is closest to the composition obtained experimentally, by minimizing the sum of squares of the residuals, using the simulator’s optimization tool.
Description
Keywords
Animal fat gasification Aspen Plus valorization optimization Gordura animal Gasificação Valorização Otimização