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Avaliação e substituição de produtos químicos no sector BOF da Swedwood Portugal
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A crescente preocupação com aspectos ambientais tornou-se uma questão
incontornável para as empresas. Assim, a legislação aplicável obriga a maior controlo de
qualquer tipo de perigo que ponha em causa a saúde humana ou o ambiente.
Deste modo, a Swedwood Portugal é obrigada a implementar algumas medidas de
controlo dos produtos químicos. Assim, os objectivos deste estágio curricular fundamentamse
em identificar, avaliar e substituir ou minimizar os impactos dos produtos químicos (PQ’s)
que, de acordo com especificações REACH (Regulamento da Comissão Europeia, relativo a
Registo, Avaliação, Autorização e restrição de substâncias Químicas) e da Swedwood
Internacional não podem ser utilizados.
Como tal, o trabalho descrito nesta dissertação foi dividido em várias etapas.
A primeira etapa consistiu em identificar todos os PQ’s utilizados no sector Board On
Frame (BOF) da Swedwood Portugal. Feito este inventário, foi então criada uma base de
dados em formato Microsoft Office Access que permitiu compilar a informação mais
relevante dos PQ’s, para uma consulta mais simples e expedita, substituindo a já existente e
desactualizada base de dados de PQ’s em formato Microsoft Office Excel. No total foram
inventariados 243 PQ’s. Contudo, não foi possível obter as Fichas de Segurança de todos e,
por isso, apenas 185 foram registados na base de dados.
Estes 185 PQ’s existentes no sector BOF da Swedwood Portugal, foram submetidos a
uma avaliação das substâncias que os compõem de acordo com uma ferramenta
informática criada pela Swedwood Internacional – Substitution Evaluation Key (SEK). Esta
ferramenta usa três listas europeias de substâncias químicas que permitem a avaliação de
produtos químicos indirectos: Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) da Agência
Europeia de Produtos Químicos (ECHA), Substitute It Now (SIN) da ChemSec (Organização
sueca dedicada ao ambiente) e PRIO da Agência Sueca de Produtos Químicos (Kemi). As
três listas incluem substâncias de carácter de tal forma perigoso que a sua utilização deve
ser restringida ou até eliminada. Logo, os PQ’s indirectos que contenham substâncias
presentes em, pelo menos, uma destas listas devem ser imediatamente substituídos por
outros cuja avaliação seja positiva. Por outro lado, para produtos químicos directos, as
restrições encontram-se numa especificação imposta pela IKEA, IOS-MAT-0066.
Concluída a avaliação, foi então necessário encontrar alternativas viáveis aos PQ’s
avaliados negativamente. Como tal, a primeira abordagem consistiu em contactar os
fabricantes dos PQ’s a substituir de modo a que estes pudessem apresentar as suas
próprias alternativas. Caso estes não apresentassem alternativas viáveis, então contactarse-
iam novos fornecedores.
Dos 185 PQ’s registados na base de dados e avaliados, 30 produtos químicos
indirectos existentes nas fábricas não obedeciam aos critérios impostos pela SEK, estando
os produtos químicos directos todos de acordo com as imposições da IOS-MAT-0066. Os 30 PQ’s indirectos do Sector BOF da Swedwood Portugal que incluem as
substâncias químicas com carácter perigoso apresentam características Cancerígenas,
Mutagénicas e tóxicas para a Reprodução (CMR), irritantes e/ou sensibilizantes e perigosas,
a longo prazo, para o ambiente.
Para estes PQ’s foram apresentadas alternativas viáveis no que concerne a impactos
para a saúde ou para o ambiente e os respectivos custos associados (admitindo
quantidades mínimas vendidas). Contudo, não foi possível em tempo útil testar estas
alternativas no funcionamento da empresa de modo a avaliar a sua eficiência técnica.
The rising concern with environmental aspects has become an obligatory issue for companies all around. Thus, the applicable legislation must be more controlling to any type of danger to the human health or to the environment. As a consequence, Swedwood Portugal is obliged to implement some controlling measures to chemical products. This way, the objective to this curricular internship lays down in identifying, evaluating and replacing or minimizing the impacts of chemical products (CP’s), which according to REACH (the European Community regulation, concerned with Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemical substances) and Swedwood International cannot be used. The work described in this report was divided in several stages. The first stage consisted in identifying all the CP’s used at sector Board On Frame (BOF) in Swedwood Portugal. After this inventory was finished, a Microsoft Office Access data base was created and joined the most relevant information of CP’s for an easy and fast consult, this way replacing the already existing data base in Microsoft Office Excel format. In total 243 CPs were counted, but as it wasn’t possible to obtain the Safety Data Sheets of all of them, only 185 were registered in the data base. This 185 CP’s used in sector BOF in Swedwood Portugal, were submitted to an evaluation of its composing substances according to an IT tool created by Swedwood International – Substitution Evaluation Key (SEK). This tool uses three European lists of chemical substances which allow the evaluation of indirect chemical products: Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) of European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Substitute it Now (SIN) of ChemSec (Swedish Organization dedicated to the Environment) and PRIO of Kemi (Swedish agency for chemical products). These lists include substances of such dangerous character that its use should be restricted or even eliminated. Thus, the indirect CPs which contains substances present in, at least, one of these lists should be replaced immediately for others with positive evaluation. On the other hand, for direct chemical products the restrictions are listed in a specification imposed by IKEA, IOS-AT-0066. Once the evaluation was concluded it was necessary to find viable alternatives to the negatively evaluated CPs. For that, the first approach consisted in contacting the manufacturers of the CPs to be replaced, allowing them to present their own alternatives. In cases where the manufacturers don’t present viable alternatives, new suppliers would be contacted. From the 185 CPs registered and evaluated in the database, 30 indirect chemical products used in the factories didn’t obey the SEK imposed criteria, whereas all the direct chemical products were according to the IOS-MAT-0066 ruling. The 30 indirect CPs in sector BOF in Swedwood Portugal include the dangerous chemical substances present characteristics of Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and toxic to Reproduction (CMR), allergenic and environmentally hazardous, with long-term effects. Viable alternatives were presented to this CPs on what concerns the health and environmental impacts and the costs involved (assuming minimal quantities sold). It wasn’t possible to test these alternatives in the company’s environment and evaluate its technical efficiency however.
The rising concern with environmental aspects has become an obligatory issue for companies all around. Thus, the applicable legislation must be more controlling to any type of danger to the human health or to the environment. As a consequence, Swedwood Portugal is obliged to implement some controlling measures to chemical products. This way, the objective to this curricular internship lays down in identifying, evaluating and replacing or minimizing the impacts of chemical products (CP’s), which according to REACH (the European Community regulation, concerned with Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemical substances) and Swedwood International cannot be used. The work described in this report was divided in several stages. The first stage consisted in identifying all the CP’s used at sector Board On Frame (BOF) in Swedwood Portugal. After this inventory was finished, a Microsoft Office Access data base was created and joined the most relevant information of CP’s for an easy and fast consult, this way replacing the already existing data base in Microsoft Office Excel format. In total 243 CPs were counted, but as it wasn’t possible to obtain the Safety Data Sheets of all of them, only 185 were registered in the data base. This 185 CP’s used in sector BOF in Swedwood Portugal, were submitted to an evaluation of its composing substances according to an IT tool created by Swedwood International – Substitution Evaluation Key (SEK). This tool uses three European lists of chemical substances which allow the evaluation of indirect chemical products: Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) of European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Substitute it Now (SIN) of ChemSec (Swedish Organization dedicated to the Environment) and PRIO of Kemi (Swedish agency for chemical products). These lists include substances of such dangerous character that its use should be restricted or even eliminated. Thus, the indirect CPs which contains substances present in, at least, one of these lists should be replaced immediately for others with positive evaluation. On the other hand, for direct chemical products the restrictions are listed in a specification imposed by IKEA, IOS-AT-0066. Once the evaluation was concluded it was necessary to find viable alternatives to the negatively evaluated CPs. For that, the first approach consisted in contacting the manufacturers of the CPs to be replaced, allowing them to present their own alternatives. In cases where the manufacturers don’t present viable alternatives, new suppliers would be contacted. From the 185 CPs registered and evaluated in the database, 30 indirect chemical products used in the factories didn’t obey the SEK imposed criteria, whereas all the direct chemical products were according to the IOS-MAT-0066 ruling. The 30 indirect CPs in sector BOF in Swedwood Portugal include the dangerous chemical substances present characteristics of Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and toxic to Reproduction (CMR), allergenic and environmentally hazardous, with long-term effects. Viable alternatives were presented to this CPs on what concerns the health and environmental impacts and the costs involved (assuming minimal quantities sold). It wasn’t possible to test these alternatives in the company’s environment and evaluate its technical efficiency however.
Description
Keywords
Produtos químicos REACH Substâncias perigosas SVHC Lista SIN Lista PRIO Avaliação de produtos químicos Chemical products Hazardous substances SIN list PRIO list Chemicals evaluation
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto