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Abstract(s)
A melhoria das condições de vida conduziu a um importante desenvolvimento dos atributos funcionais dos edifícios, onde o conforto térmico assumiu um papel preponderante. No entanto, o garante de condições interiores de conforto térmico acarreta, normalmente, um consumo excessivo de energia, colidindo com a crescente problemática e preocupação ambiental, fator determinante na legislação e certificação energética na União Europeia.
O lançamento da Diretiva 2010/31/EU, relativa à performance energética dos edifícios abre caminho à diminuição das necessidades energéticas e à emissão de gases de efeito de estufa, contrariando assim a responsabilidade dos edifícios nesta matéria. Estes, até então, eram responsáveis por 40% do consumo de energia e 30% a 40% das emissões de CO2. O aumento constante das preocupações relativas aos impactes ambientais originou o desenvolvimento de sistemas de avaliação no que concerne à sustentabilidade e ao desenvolvimento de programas e metodologias com o objetivo de diminuir o consumo nos edifícios até que se atinja um balanço energético igual a zero, permitindo o surgimento do conceito Net Zero Energy Building.
Neste contexto, a presente dissertação debruça-se na análise da vertente da eficiência energética nos principais métodos de avaliação sustentável – BREEAM, SBTOOL, LEED e LIDERA -, identificando os parâmetros mais determinantes bem como as suas eventuais lacunas. Assim, o documento encontra-se estruturado em três grandes partes: primeiramente pela pesquisa bibliográfica, seguindo-se a apresentação de todas as metodologias que permitem dar resposta à avaliação energética e conforto térmico e por fim a análise do desempenho energético de um edifício existente de carácter habitacional, possibilitando, com a adoção de medidas de melhoria, que este atinja até 2020 uma convergência para um edifício ideal em termos energéticos, ou seja, um Net Zero Energy Building.
The improvement of living conditions led to an important development of the functional attributes of the buildings where the thermal comfort played a leading role. However, to ensure the interior thermal comfort conditions, by default can cause an energy overconsumption, colliding with the increasing problems and environmental concerns, determining factor in the legislation and energy certification in the European Union. The launch of the Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings paves the way for reduced energy needs and emission of greenhouse gases, thus contradicting the responsibility of the buildings in this area. These hitherto were accounted for 40% of energy consumption and 30% to 40% of CO2 emissions. The constant increase of the concerns about environmental impacts led to the development of multiple evaluation systems regarding the sustainability and development of programs and methodologies with the objective to reduce the consumption in buildings until it reaches an energy balance equal to zero, allowing the emergence of the concept Net Zero Energy Building. In this context, this dissertation focuses on the analysis of the concept of energy efficiency in key sustainable assessment methods - BREEAM, SBTOOL, LEED and LIDERA - identifying the most relevant parameters and their possible shortcomings. Thus, the document is structured in three parts: first the iterature, followed by the presentation of all methodologies that allow to respond to the energy assessment and thermal comfort and finally the analysis of the energy performance of an existing building housing status, enabling, with the adoption of improvement measures, it reaches 2020 convergence to an ideal building in terms of energy, in a Net Zero Energy Building.
The improvement of living conditions led to an important development of the functional attributes of the buildings where the thermal comfort played a leading role. However, to ensure the interior thermal comfort conditions, by default can cause an energy overconsumption, colliding with the increasing problems and environmental concerns, determining factor in the legislation and energy certification in the European Union. The launch of the Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings paves the way for reduced energy needs and emission of greenhouse gases, thus contradicting the responsibility of the buildings in this area. These hitherto were accounted for 40% of energy consumption and 30% to 40% of CO2 emissions. The constant increase of the concerns about environmental impacts led to the development of multiple evaluation systems regarding the sustainability and development of programs and methodologies with the objective to reduce the consumption in buildings until it reaches an energy balance equal to zero, allowing the emergence of the concept Net Zero Energy Building. In this context, this dissertation focuses on the analysis of the concept of energy efficiency in key sustainable assessment methods - BREEAM, SBTOOL, LEED and LIDERA - identifying the most relevant parameters and their possible shortcomings. Thus, the document is structured in three parts: first the iterature, followed by the presentation of all methodologies that allow to respond to the energy assessment and thermal comfort and finally the analysis of the energy performance of an existing building housing status, enabling, with the adoption of improvement measures, it reaches 2020 convergence to an ideal building in terms of energy, in a Net Zero Energy Building.
Description
Keywords
Eficiência Energética Construção Sustentável Desenvolvimento Energético Sistemas de Avaliação Sustentável REH Conforto Térmico Edifício com Balanço Energético Nulo Energy Efficiency Sustainable Construction Energetic Development Sustainable Assessment Systems Thermal Comfort Net Zero Energy Buildings