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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação oferece uma revisão bibliográfica sobre um tema que começa a ganhar
terreno na atualidade, o fabrico aditivo, mais conhecido como impressão 3D. Sendo um assunto
cada vez mais discutido não só em ambientes industriais, mas também agora mais centralizado no
consumidor comum é de extrema importância fazer uma breve apresentação ao tema, como é que
este se insere na sociedade, o seu papel face aos métodos tradicionais e qual o rumo que o mesmo
levará daqui para a frente.
Sendo o Fabrico Aditivo um tema a emergir, serão também expostos todos os processos de fabrico
associados, o seu funcionamento, a classe de materiais utilizados e os pontos fortes e pontos fracos
de cada um.
Irá ser dada especial atenção aos dois processos que serão abordados mais ao pormenor no
decorrer do trabalho, Fused Deposition Modeling e Selective Laser Sintering, onde irão ser
explicados pormenorizadamente os seus funcionamentos, o conjunto de materiais mais utilizados
e as suas caraterísticas e os defeitos que eventualmente se pode observar em cada tecnologia.
Assim, foi feita uma breve explicação dos principais parâmetros e da sua influência e por fim, serão
realizados ensaios mecânicos de tração, flexão e dureza como método comparativo entre materiais
para determinar as suas possíveis aplicações na indústria em questão.
Escolhido o material que melhor se adequava às condições impostas pelo ambiente industrial da
empresa acolhedora, foi analisado o processo de injeção de plásticos e foi desenvolvido um molde
capaz de alojar postiços impressos em 3D.
O passo seguinte envolveu, em primeiro lugar, a realização de injeções utilizando diferentes
materiais sobre os postiços impressos e observar o seu comportamento face às condições de
temperatura e pressão do processo, e em seguida a otimização do ciclo de injeção.
This dissertation provides a literature review on a topic that is gaining ground in contemporary times, additive manufacturing, better known as 3D printing. As a subject that is increasingly discussed not only in industrial settings but now also more focused on the general consumer, it is of utmost importance to give a brief introduction to the topic, explaining how it fits into society, its role compared to traditional methods, and the direction it will take in the future. Since Additive Manufacturing is an emerging topic, all associated manufacturing processes, their functioning, the class of materials used, and the strengths and weaknesses of each will also be exposed. Special attention will be given to the two processes that will be examined in more detail throughout the work, Fused Deposition Modeling and Selective Laser Sintering, where their workings, the set of most commonly used materials and their characteristics, and the defects that may eventually be observed in each technology will be explained in detail. Furthermore, a brief explanation of the main parameters and their influence has been provided, and finally, in order to verify the data provided by manufacturers, mechanical tests of tension, flexion, and hardness will be carried out as a comparative method among materials to determine their possible applications in the relevant industry. Once the material that best suited the conditions imposed by the industrial environment of the hosting company was chosen, the plastic injection process was analyzed, and a mold capable of accommodating 3D printed inserts was developed. The next step involved, first and foremost, conducting injections using different materials on the 3D printed inserts and observing their behavior in relation to the temperature and pressure conditions of the process, followed by the optimization of the injection cycle.
This dissertation provides a literature review on a topic that is gaining ground in contemporary times, additive manufacturing, better known as 3D printing. As a subject that is increasingly discussed not only in industrial settings but now also more focused on the general consumer, it is of utmost importance to give a brief introduction to the topic, explaining how it fits into society, its role compared to traditional methods, and the direction it will take in the future. Since Additive Manufacturing is an emerging topic, all associated manufacturing processes, their functioning, the class of materials used, and the strengths and weaknesses of each will also be exposed. Special attention will be given to the two processes that will be examined in more detail throughout the work, Fused Deposition Modeling and Selective Laser Sintering, where their workings, the set of most commonly used materials and their characteristics, and the defects that may eventually be observed in each technology will be explained in detail. Furthermore, a brief explanation of the main parameters and their influence has been provided, and finally, in order to verify the data provided by manufacturers, mechanical tests of tension, flexion, and hardness will be carried out as a comparative method among materials to determine their possible applications in the relevant industry. Once the material that best suited the conditions imposed by the industrial environment of the hosting company was chosen, the plastic injection process was analyzed, and a mold capable of accommodating 3D printed inserts was developed. The next step involved, first and foremost, conducting injections using different materials on the 3D printed inserts and observing their behavior in relation to the temperature and pressure conditions of the process, followed by the optimization of the injection cycle.
Description
Keywords
Additive Manufacturing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Mechanical Testing Overmolding