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Valorização do banho residual do tingimento com corante Preto Reativo
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Abstract(s)
Os corantes reativos são um dos mais utilizados na indústria têxtil e visto que, nas tinturarias, os banhos residuais de tingimento são descartados, pretendeu-se com este trabalho valorizar um banho residual de tingimento preparado com corante preto reativo. Tendo em conta este objetivo, estudou-se a viabilidade de usar o banho residual de tingimento não tratado e tratado (após tratamento químico) na coloração de MDF e em novos tingimentos de fibras (algodão e lã). O processo de tingimento foi avaliado recorrendo a testes físico/mecânicos, no caso do MDF, e a testes de solidez no caso dos tingimentos. No caso da coloração de MDF concluiu-se que o processo não é viável pois as cores obtidas, tanto para a placa colorida com
banho residual de tingimento tratado como não tratado, não apresentam diferenças comparativamente à placa de cor standard. Para o caso da aplicação em novos tingimentos de algodão foi necessário estudar inicialmente o modo de aplicação de um fixador, Fissat RTG, essencial para reter o corante na fibra. Foram realizados ensaios aplicando o fixador por esgotamento e em processo contínuo e, de seguida, procedeu-se ao tingimento também por esgotamento ou processo contínuo. Conclui-se que o tingimento do algodão não é uniforme e apresenta pouco rendimento da cor, pelo que o processo não é viável. No caso do tingimento
de lã realizaram-se ensaios variando a temperatura (70ºC, 80ºC, 85ºC, 90ºC, 98ºC) e o tempo de tingimento (45, 60 e 75 minutos a 98ºC) tendo como base de comparação o tingimento realizado a 98ºC durante 60ºC. Os resultados continuam a ser mais favoráveis a 98ºC, caso se pretenda uma cor mais intensa, caso futuramente se pretenda uma tonalidade inferior é possível ajustar a temperatura de tingimento para um valor inferior (80ºC). No que toca ao tempo de tingimento a 98ºC, conclui-se que não há diferenças na cor a partir dos 60 minutos, no entanto, 45 minutos revelou-se como sendo pouco tempo para obter a tonalidade pretendida de azul. A solidez à lavagem a 40ºC, suor ácido e alcalino, água e luz foi testada para os ensaios tingidos
durante 60 minutos a 98ºC e 60 minutos a 80ºC sendo que os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios para todos os parâmetros, com exceção da solidez ao suor alcalino. Realizaram-se, portanto, diferentes tratamentos posteriores na fibra tingida a 98ºC durante 60 minutos e a melhoria neste parâmetro foi evidente, especialmente realizando um tratamento com 4% de Zetesal CPW.
Reactive dyes are among the most used in the textile industry. Since dyeing residual baths are discarded, the goal was to find a new use for the residual dye bath using reactive black dye. This textile effluent is primarily composed of water, followed by hydrolysed dye, salt, and other reagents typically used in the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. Thus, the study focused on the incorporation of the effluent in MDF colouring and new dyeings of cotton and wool. The feasibility evaluation was conducted by observing the results and performing physical/mechanical tests for MDF, and fastness tests for the dyeings. All these tasks were carried out for both treated and untreated residual dye baths according to technical data sheets and standards. In the case of MDF colouring, it was concluded that the process is not viable because the colours obtained from both the treated and untreated residual dye baths showed no differences compared to the standard colour. For new dyeings on cotton, it was necessary to study the application method of the Fissat RTG fixative, which is essential for retaining the dye on the fibre. Tests were conducted applying the fixative by exhaustion and continuous methods, followed by dyeing each sample by exhaustion or continuous methods. It was concluded that the dyeings were not uniform and exhibited low colour yield, making the process unviable. For wool dyeing, tests were conducted varying the temperature (70°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 98°C) and dyeing time (45, 60, and 75 minutes at 98°C), with the base comparison being the colour obtained by dyeing at 98°C for 60 minutes, as these are the initial conditions to be adopted by the company. The results were more favourable at 98°C for achieving a more intense colour. For a lighter shade, the dyeing temperature can be adjusted to a lower value (80°C). Regarding the dyeing time at 98°C, it was found that there were no colour differences after 60 minutes, whereas 45 minutes was insufficient to achieve the desired blue shade. Fastness to washing at 40°C, acidic and alkaline sweat, water, and light was tested for samples dyed for 60 minutes at 98°C and 60 minutes at 80°C. The results were satisfactory for all parameters except for fastness to alkaline sweat. Various post-treatments were performed on the fibre dyed at 98°C for 60 minutes, showing significant improvement, particularly with a treatment using 4% Zetesal CPW.
Reactive dyes are among the most used in the textile industry. Since dyeing residual baths are discarded, the goal was to find a new use for the residual dye bath using reactive black dye. This textile effluent is primarily composed of water, followed by hydrolysed dye, salt, and other reagents typically used in the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. Thus, the study focused on the incorporation of the effluent in MDF colouring and new dyeings of cotton and wool. The feasibility evaluation was conducted by observing the results and performing physical/mechanical tests for MDF, and fastness tests for the dyeings. All these tasks were carried out for both treated and untreated residual dye baths according to technical data sheets and standards. In the case of MDF colouring, it was concluded that the process is not viable because the colours obtained from both the treated and untreated residual dye baths showed no differences compared to the standard colour. For new dyeings on cotton, it was necessary to study the application method of the Fissat RTG fixative, which is essential for retaining the dye on the fibre. Tests were conducted applying the fixative by exhaustion and continuous methods, followed by dyeing each sample by exhaustion or continuous methods. It was concluded that the dyeings were not uniform and exhibited low colour yield, making the process unviable. For wool dyeing, tests were conducted varying the temperature (70°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 98°C) and dyeing time (45, 60, and 75 minutes at 98°C), with the base comparison being the colour obtained by dyeing at 98°C for 60 minutes, as these are the initial conditions to be adopted by the company. The results were more favourable at 98°C for achieving a more intense colour. For a lighter shade, the dyeing temperature can be adjusted to a lower value (80°C). Regarding the dyeing time at 98°C, it was found that there were no colour differences after 60 minutes, whereas 45 minutes was insufficient to achieve the desired blue shade. Fastness to washing at 40°C, acidic and alkaline sweat, water, and light was tested for samples dyed for 60 minutes at 98°C and 60 minutes at 80°C. The results were satisfactory for all parameters except for fastness to alkaline sweat. Various post-treatments were performed on the fibre dyed at 98°C for 60 minutes, showing significant improvement, particularly with a treatment using 4% Zetesal CPW.
Description
Keywords
Reactive Dye Dyeing Textile effluent Valuation Cotton Wool MDF Corante reativo Tingimento Efluente têxtil Valorização Algodão Lã