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Segurança química na indústria automóvel: Resposta face ao risco de derrames em fábricas de espumas
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A utilização de produtos químicos é uma realidade muito presente numa indústria de espumas para o setor automóvel, onde algumas substâncias representam riscos significativos para a saúde dos trabalhadores, e para o ambiente. A relevância deste estudo resulta do facto de a unidade fabril em análise apresentar limitações estruturais que aumentam a probabilidade da ocorrência de acidentes, simultaneamente, a inexistência de um plano de resposta coordenado que permita possuir ferramentas de prevenção e de atuação ajustados à sua realidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal a análise das principais etapas de um processo fabril associado ao fabrico de espumas para o ramo automóvel, num contexto de potenciais riscos de derrame a ocorrer na sala de formulações, assim como, a caracterização da resposta face ao derrame. Para tal, procedeu-se ao levantamento e caracterização das matérias-primas utilizadas, a análise do histórico de acidentes e a avaliação dos recursos disponíveis para contenção de derrames. Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se um caso simulado de derrame químico, que permitiu conceber um fluxograma de resposta destinado a apoiar a tomada de decisão dos colaboradores em situações de emergência. Os resultados obtidos demonstram algumas fragilidades e oportunidades de melhoria, nomeadamente a necessidade de reforçar a capacidade das bacias de retenção da sala de formulações e a criação de uma bacia no cais de receção, a melhoria da distribuição dos kits e carrinhos de contenção nos percursos
críticos e a necessidade de rever os caminhos de evacuação e pontos de encontro. Foram ainda propostas medidas de reforço, como a fragmentação funcional da sala de formulações, a melhoria dos procedimentos logísticos e a integração de ferramentas pedagógicas, incluindo quizzes de verificação de conhecimento no início do turno. Conclui-se que o estudo contribui para o reforço da cultura de segurança da organização, ao propor soluções práticas e adaptadas à sua realidade, com vista à redução do risco de acidentes e à promoção de um ambiente de trabalho mais seguro.
The use of chemical substances is a constant reality in the foam manufacturing industry for the automotive sector, where some compounds pose significant risks to workers’ health and to the environment. The relevance of this study stems from the fact that the factory under analysis presents structural limitations that increase the likelihood of accidents, combined with the absence of a coordinated response plan that would provide prevention and response tools tailored to its reality. The main objective of this study is to analyse the key stages of a manufacturing process associated with the production of foams for the automotive sector, in a context of potential spill risks occurring in the formulation room, as well as to characterize the response to such incidents. To this end, a survey and characterization of the raw materials in use was carried out, along with an analysis of the accident history and an assessment of the resources available for spill containment. In parallel, a simulated chemical spill was developed, which enabled the design of a response flowchart to support workers’ decision-making in emergency situations. The results revealed some weaknesses and opportunities for improvement, namely the need to reinforce the retention capacity of the formulation room basins and to implement a basin at the reception dock, to improve the distribution of spill kits and containment trolleys along critical routes, and to review evacuation paths and assembly points. Additional measures were also proposed, such as the functional segmentation of the formulation room, the improvement of logistical procedures, and the integration of pedagogical tools, including short knowledge-verification quizzes at the beginning of shifts. It is concluded that this study contributes to strengthening the organization’s safety culture by proposing practical and context-adapted solutions aimed at reducing the risk of accidents and promoting a safer working environment.
The use of chemical substances is a constant reality in the foam manufacturing industry for the automotive sector, where some compounds pose significant risks to workers’ health and to the environment. The relevance of this study stems from the fact that the factory under analysis presents structural limitations that increase the likelihood of accidents, combined with the absence of a coordinated response plan that would provide prevention and response tools tailored to its reality. The main objective of this study is to analyse the key stages of a manufacturing process associated with the production of foams for the automotive sector, in a context of potential spill risks occurring in the formulation room, as well as to characterize the response to such incidents. To this end, a survey and characterization of the raw materials in use was carried out, along with an analysis of the accident history and an assessment of the resources available for spill containment. In parallel, a simulated chemical spill was developed, which enabled the design of a response flowchart to support workers’ decision-making in emergency situations. The results revealed some weaknesses and opportunities for improvement, namely the need to reinforce the retention capacity of the formulation room basins and to implement a basin at the reception dock, to improve the distribution of spill kits and containment trolleys along critical routes, and to review evacuation paths and assembly points. Additional measures were also proposed, such as the functional segmentation of the formulation room, the improvement of logistical procedures, and the integration of pedagogical tools, including short knowledge-verification quizzes at the beginning of shifts. It is concluded that this study contributes to strengthening the organization’s safety culture by proposing practical and context-adapted solutions aimed at reducing the risk of accidents and promoting a safer working environment.
Descrição
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Derrames químicos Plano de resposta Segurança no trabalho Cultura de segurança