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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O homem é capaz de criar vários materiais, nomeadamente a cerâmica, que apresenta
várias aplicações. A sua conceção exige elevado conhecimento técnico, a nível das
matérias-primas e do seu processo de transformação. De todos os ramos da cerâmica, a
indústria sanitária é aquela que necessita de um conhecimento mais aprofundado, para
que se utilizem as melhores técnicas, garantido a qualidade e segurança do produto final.
O modelo de economia circular é baseado na valorização de materiais dentro de um
sistema fechado, possibilitando assim, a redução, reutilização, recuperação e a reciclagem
de materiais e energia.
No âmbito da dissertação do mestrado em Engenharia Química – Ramo de Qualidade foi
realizado um estudo na empresa ARCH, S.A que contemplou três objetivos principais:
quantificar a água de lavagem utilizada nas várias seções do processo de fabrico, a
implementação de medidas que permitissem diminuir o consumo de água e o
desenvolvimento de uma estratégia para a recuperação do vidrado branco.
As seções onde havia a necessidade de um maior foco devido ao seu elevado consumo de
água foram a olaria 1.1 e a vidragem, consumos de 26% e 30% respetivamente em relação
ao consumo total de água. Uma das medidas implementadas na vidragem foi a redução
da lavagem total das cabines, havendo uma diminuição ao nível do consumo da água de
32,8 m3
.
Nos equipamentos analisados da olaria 1.1 e vidragem foi calculada a matéria seca
possível de ser recuperada bem como a percentagem de resíduos e de lamas
correspondentes.
Relativamente à recuperação do vidrado, foram usadas duas técnicas, o uso de uma
centrífuga e posteriormente de uma aparadeira, tendo sido realizado um controlo de
qualidade a ambos os vidrados, de forma a comprovar a sua viabilidade. No vidrado que
foi possível reciclar, foi calculada também a percentagem de recuperação anual com base
na aparadeira instalada na cabine na qual a quantidade de vidrado a recuperar foi cerca de
13%
Man can create various materials, including ceramics, which have various applications. Its design requires high technical knowledge, in terms of raw materials and their transformation process. From all areas of ceramics, the sanitary industry is the one that needs more in-depth knowledge, in order to use the best techniques, guaranteeing the quality and safety of the final product. The circular economy model is based on the valorization of materials within a closed system, leading to, reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of materials and energy. In the scope of the Master's thesis in Chemical Engineering – Quality, a study was carried out at the company ARCH, S.A, which contemplated three main objectives: the quantification of the water consumption in the various sections of the manufacturing process, the implementation of measures to reduce water consumption and the development of a strategy for the recovery of white glaze. The sections where there was a need for greater focus due to their high-water consumption were pottery 1.1 and glazing, consumption of 26% and 30% respectively regarding to total water consumption. One of the measures implemented in the glazing was the reduction of number of cabin washings, with a reduction in water consumption of 32.8 m3 . In the analyzed equipment of pottery 1.1 and glazing, the potential recovery of dry matter was estimated, as well as the percentage of waste and corresponding sludge. Regarding the recovery of the glaze, two techniques were used, the use of a centrifuge and later the use of a container that retains the excess of glaze, with a quality control carried out on both glazes, to prove their viability. The percentage of annual recovery was also calculated for the recycled glaze, based on the container installed in the cabin, in which the amount of glaze to be recovered was approximately 13%
Man can create various materials, including ceramics, which have various applications. Its design requires high technical knowledge, in terms of raw materials and their transformation process. From all areas of ceramics, the sanitary industry is the one that needs more in-depth knowledge, in order to use the best techniques, guaranteeing the quality and safety of the final product. The circular economy model is based on the valorization of materials within a closed system, leading to, reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of materials and energy. In the scope of the Master's thesis in Chemical Engineering – Quality, a study was carried out at the company ARCH, S.A, which contemplated three main objectives: the quantification of the water consumption in the various sections of the manufacturing process, the implementation of measures to reduce water consumption and the development of a strategy for the recovery of white glaze. The sections where there was a need for greater focus due to their high-water consumption were pottery 1.1 and glazing, consumption of 26% and 30% respectively regarding to total water consumption. One of the measures implemented in the glazing was the reduction of number of cabin washings, with a reduction in water consumption of 32.8 m3 . In the analyzed equipment of pottery 1.1 and glazing, the potential recovery of dry matter was estimated, as well as the percentage of waste and corresponding sludge. Regarding the recovery of the glaze, two techniques were used, the use of a centrifuge and later the use of a container that retains the excess of glaze, with a quality control carried out on both glazes, to prove their viability. The percentage of annual recovery was also calculated for the recycled glaze, based on the container installed in the cabin, in which the amount of glaze to be recovered was approximately 13%
Description
Keywords
Indústria de Louça Sanitária Economia Circular Recuperação Reciclagem Olaria Vidragem Sanitary ware Industry Circular Economy Recovery Recycling Pottery Glazing