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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos, o consumo de energia tem vindo a aumentar passando a ser uma presença constante na vida de todos os cidadãos, e ao que tudo indica, no futuro assistir-se-á a um aumento do consumo energético. A par desse crescimento aumentou também a preocupação ambiental, uma vez que grande parte da produção energética, ainda advém dos combustíveis fósseis. Consequentemente, tem vindo a verificar-se um grande investimento em fontes de energias sustentáveis.
Por outro lado, a indústria extrativa é uma atividade que apesar do seu historial e importância, acarreta muita desconfiança por parte do público em geral, em grande parte devido aos efeitos desta atividade sobre o meio ambiente, sendo o passivo ambiental deixado no final de vida de uma pedreira, uma das consequências de elevada preocupação. Devido a tal facto têm sido impostas regras e diretivas bastante exigentes a esta atividade, incluindo a necessidade de recuperação ambiental paisagística no final de vida das pedreiras.
No presente trabalho propõe-se a reconversão de pedreiras desativadas em reservatórios para armazenamento de água, com o intuito de se criar uma central hidroelétrica reversível ligada a outro reservatório artificial, a cota inferior. O potencial de produção de energia seria explorado ao longo do dia, aquando das maiores necessidades de consumo. Por outro lado, em períodos noturnos e de menores consumos, a água seria sujeita a um processo de elevação, por bombagem, para o reservatório superior.
Esta dissertação integra-se na Direção de Agregados da empresa Mota-Engil.
Estudou-se um leque de pedreiras ativas e desativadas de forma a serem escolhidos os casos de maior potencial energético, avaliado em termos de diferença de cotas topográficas, disponibilidade de água através da precipitação e proximidade a cursos de água. Após escolha dos possíveis casos de estudo, procedeu-se à avaliação do potencial hidrológico e estimativa do volume de água armazenado nas pedreiras, bem como do balanço remuneratório entre a venda e a compra de energia.
In the past few years, energy consumption has been increasing, becoming a constant presence in the lives of all citizens and all indications are that the future will bring about a growth in energy use. Alongside with this growth, environmental care has also increased, since a large part of energy production still comes from fossil fuels. Consequently, there has been a large investment in sustainable energy sources. On the other hand, the extractive industry is an activity that, despite its history and importance, entails much suspicion by the general public, largely due to the effects of this activity on the environment, and environmental liabilities left at the end of life a quarry, one of the consequences that raises high concerns. Due to this fact strict rules and policies have been imposed on this activity, including the need for environmental recovery landscape at the end of life of the quarries. In this work, we propose the conversion of disabled quarries old quarry into reservoirs for water storage, in order to create a pumped-storage hydro central attached to another artificial reservoir at lower level. The power generation potential would be explored throughout the day, when the largest consumer needs occur. On the other hand, at night time and lower consumption periods, the water would be subjected to a lifting process by pumping to the upper reservoir. This work is part of the Aggregates Direction of Mota-Engil company. A range of active and deactivated quarries was studied so as to select the cases with the highest energy potential, evaluating them in terms of difference in topographic dimensions, availability of water through precipitation and proximity to water courses. After selecting the possible case studies, we proceeded to the evaluation of the hydrologic potential and estimated volume of water storage in the quarries, as well as the remuneration balance between the sale and purchase of electricity.
In the past few years, energy consumption has been increasing, becoming a constant presence in the lives of all citizens and all indications are that the future will bring about a growth in energy use. Alongside with this growth, environmental care has also increased, since a large part of energy production still comes from fossil fuels. Consequently, there has been a large investment in sustainable energy sources. On the other hand, the extractive industry is an activity that, despite its history and importance, entails much suspicion by the general public, largely due to the effects of this activity on the environment, and environmental liabilities left at the end of life a quarry, one of the consequences that raises high concerns. Due to this fact strict rules and policies have been imposed on this activity, including the need for environmental recovery landscape at the end of life of the quarries. In this work, we propose the conversion of disabled quarries old quarry into reservoirs for water storage, in order to create a pumped-storage hydro central attached to another artificial reservoir at lower level. The power generation potential would be explored throughout the day, when the largest consumer needs occur. On the other hand, at night time and lower consumption periods, the water would be subjected to a lifting process by pumping to the upper reservoir. This work is part of the Aggregates Direction of Mota-Engil company. A range of active and deactivated quarries was studied so as to select the cases with the highest energy potential, evaluating them in terms of difference in topographic dimensions, availability of water through precipitation and proximity to water courses. After selecting the possible case studies, we proceeded to the evaluation of the hydrologic potential and estimated volume of water storage in the quarries, as well as the remuneration balance between the sale and purchase of electricity.
Description
Keywords
Produção energética sustentável Pedreiras Potencial energético Centrais hídricas reversíveis Armazenamento de energia Sustainable energy production Quarry Energy potential Pumped hydroelectric storage units Energy storage