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Abstract(s)
O aumento do consumo global de energia tem levado a uma crescente preocupação no que diz respeito às fontes de produção de energia utilizadas e aos impactos que estas têm a nível ambiental. Sendo o setor energético um dos setores com maiores emissões de gases de efeito de estufa, este setor necessita que sejam tomadas medidas de forma a atingir maior sustentabilidade contribuindo para a descarbonização do setor e para a transição energética. Desta forma, as energias renováveis têm ganho cada vez mais importância face às fontes de energia tradicionais não renováveis, havendo grandes esforços e investimentos em centrais hídricas, solares e eólicas. Uma vez que as energias renováveis não se prendem apenas à forma
centralizada de produção de energia, mas também à forma descentralizada de produção, a energia solar fotovoltaica é das que mais facilmente pode ser implementada sendo que não necessita de tão grande espaço disponível para a integração da sua tecnologia. Devido à facilidade de implementação, a produção descentralizada torna-se mais fácil, podendo também ser apoiada através de unidades de produção para autoconsumo que, interligadas com a rede de distribuição de energia, poderão injetar os seus excedentes na rede, fazendo com que haja maior disponibilidade de energia proveniente de fontes renováveis. De forma a encorajar a produção de energia solar fotovoltaica e injeção de excedentes na rede, a nível residencial, o caso de estudo proposto tem por base a injeção de energia na rede quando existir excedentes na produção e, mais tarde, quando o consumidor necessitar de energia proveniente da rede, terá a mesma quantidade de energia que foi injetada, a um preço reduzido em comparação com o preço normal praticado. Através desta proposta, a venda de excedentes à rede poderá tornar-se mais vantajosa do que através dos contratos de venda de excedentes atualmente praticados. Para desenvolver o estudo e obter resultados, foram criados dois cenários principais. Um, onde a energia injetada na rede não entra para o cálculo dos custos de energia e outro onde a energia injetada é tida em conta para a aplicação da tarifa bonificada na energia consumida proveniente
da rede. Através dos resultados obtidos perante a comparação dos dois cenários, tendo-se obtido, no melhor resultado, 33% de poupança, é demonstrado que o proposto pode ser uma boa forma de venda de excedentes à rede. Os casos de estudo foram realizados com suporte a bases de dados reais (dados de consumo e produção), pelo que conferem aos resultados um cariz realístico.
The increase in global energy consumption has led to a growing concern regarding the sources of energy production used and their environmental impacts. As the energy sector is one of the sectors with the highest greenhouse gas emissions, measures need to be taken to achieve greater sustainability, contributing to the decarbonization of the sector and the energy transition. Therefore, renewable energies have become increasingly important compared to traditional non-renewable energy sources, with significant efforts and investments in hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants. Since renewable energies are not limited to centralized forms of energy production, but also include decentralized production, photovoltaic solar energy is one of the most easily implementable options, requiring less space for technology integration. Due to its ease of implementation, decentralized production becomes more feasible, and it can also be supported through self-consumption production units which, when interconnected with the energy distribution grid, can inject their surpluses into the grid, increasing the availability of energy from renewable sources. In order to encourage the production of photovoltaic solar energy and the injection of surpluses into the grid at a residential level, the proposed case study is based on injecting energy into the grid when there are surpluses in production and, later, when the consumer needs energy from the grid, they will have the same amount of energy that was injected at a reduced price compared to the normal price charged. Through this proposal, the sale of surpluses to the grid could become more advantageous than with the current surplus sales contracts. To develop the study and obtain results, two main scenarios were created. One scenario considers that the energy injected into the grid is not included in the calculation of energy costs, and the other scenario considers the injected energy for the application of a discounted tariff on the energy consumed from the grid. The results obtained by comparing the two scenarios demonstrates that the proposed method can be a good way to sell surpluses to the grid, since the best result obtained was of 33% savings. The case studies were carried out using databases from real systems (consumption and production data), which made the results realistic.
The increase in global energy consumption has led to a growing concern regarding the sources of energy production used and their environmental impacts. As the energy sector is one of the sectors with the highest greenhouse gas emissions, measures need to be taken to achieve greater sustainability, contributing to the decarbonization of the sector and the energy transition. Therefore, renewable energies have become increasingly important compared to traditional non-renewable energy sources, with significant efforts and investments in hydroelectric, solar and wind power plants. Since renewable energies are not limited to centralized forms of energy production, but also include decentralized production, photovoltaic solar energy is one of the most easily implementable options, requiring less space for technology integration. Due to its ease of implementation, decentralized production becomes more feasible, and it can also be supported through self-consumption production units which, when interconnected with the energy distribution grid, can inject their surpluses into the grid, increasing the availability of energy from renewable sources. In order to encourage the production of photovoltaic solar energy and the injection of surpluses into the grid at a residential level, the proposed case study is based on injecting energy into the grid when there are surpluses in production and, later, when the consumer needs energy from the grid, they will have the same amount of energy that was injected at a reduced price compared to the normal price charged. Through this proposal, the sale of surpluses to the grid could become more advantageous than with the current surplus sales contracts. To develop the study and obtain results, two main scenarios were created. One scenario considers that the energy injected into the grid is not included in the calculation of energy costs, and the other scenario considers the injected energy for the application of a discounted tariff on the energy consumed from the grid. The results obtained by comparing the two scenarios demonstrates that the proposed method can be a good way to sell surpluses to the grid, since the best result obtained was of 33% savings. The case studies were carried out using databases from real systems (consumption and production data), which made the results realistic.
Description
Keywords
Self-consumption renewable energies solar photovoltaic energy energy production Autoconsumo Energias renováveis Energia solar fotovoltaica Produção de energia