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A indústria de revestimentos é uma das indústrias mais fortemente regulamentadas do mundo, por esse motivo os produtores têm vindo a ser, nos últimos 40 anos, forçados a adotar estratégias para o desenvolvimento de produtos com menor impacto ambiental. Os revestimentos para estofos contract (destinados a espaços públicos) são constituídos por resinas de PVC e outros aditivos que causam problemas ambientais devido à elevada resistência à degradação que apresentam no meio ambiente. Surge assim, a necessidade de desenvolver produtos com matérias-primas naturais e que resultem em materiais com caráter mais biodegradável. Desenvolveram-se dois produtos, designados por Bio 1 e Bio 2. O couro Bio 1 foi produzido com uma formulação já definida em estudos anteriores, realizados no mesmo centro de investigação, tendo-se substituído o masterbatch de azodicarbonamida, por um masterbatch de amido e água, e o plastificante ftálico pelo plastificante citrato de acetiltributilo. A formulação do couro Bio 2 diferiu apenas do Bio 1, no tipo de plastificante usado, que se encontra, ainda, em fase de desenvolvimento, pelo produtor. Procedeu-se à caracterização físico-mecânica dos produtos, tendo-se observado que as duas versões (Bio 1 e Bio 2) apresentavam comportamentos semelhantes. Na segunda parte do trabalho, realizaram-se dois ensaios paralelos de biodegradação para cada um dos produtos desenvolvidos. Um dos estudos foi realizado no Centro de Valorização Orgânica (CVO) da Lipor e o outro, pelo teste de Sturm, no Centro de Inovação em Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial (CIETI). Os resultados obtidos, para os dois produtos, indiciam a ocorrência de biodegradação. Observou-se uma perda de massa de 7,13% e de 8,30%, para o produto Bio 1 e Bio 2, respetivamente. Apresentando o produto com o novo plastificante biológico (Bio 2) uma perda de massa ligeiramente superior. Na análise térmica realizada, observaram-se deslocamentos nos valores das temperaturas de onset e endset, antes e após os ensaios de biodegradação, para ambos os produtos desenvolvidos. Estes resultados reforçam os indícios de ocorrência de biodegradação, já observados nos ensaios de perda de massa, sendo a variação mais expressiva para o produto Bio 2.
The coatings industry is one of the most heavily regulated industries in the world, so for the last 40 years producers have been forced to adopt strategies for developing products with less environmental impact. Contract upholstery coverings (intended for public spaces) consist of PVC resins and other additives that cause environmental problems due to their high resistance to degradation in the environment. Thus arises the need to develop products with natural raw materials that result in materials with a more biodegradable character. Two products, called Bio 1 and Bio 2, have been developed. Bio 1 leather has been produced with a formulation already defined in previous studies carried out at the same research center. The azodicarbonamide masterbatch was replaced by a starch masterbatch and water, and the phthalic plasticizer by acetyltributyl citrate plasticizer. The formulation of Bio 2 leather differed only from Bio 1 in the type of plasticizer used, which is still under development by the producer. The physical-mechanical characterization of the products was performed, and it was observed that both versions (Bio 1 and Bio 2) presented similar behaviors. In the second part of the work, two parallel biodegradation tests were performed for each of the developed products. One of the studies was carried out at Lipor's Organic Valorization Center (CVO) and the other by the Sturm test at the Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI). The results obtained for both products indicate the occurrence of biodegradation. A mass loss of 7.13% and 8.30% was observed for Bio 1 and Bio 2, respectively. Introducing the product with the new biological plasticizer (Bio 2) a slightly higher mass loss. In the thermal analysis performed, onset and endset temperature shifts were observed before and after the biodegradation tests for both developed products. These results reinforce the evidence of biodegradation, already observed in the mass loss tests, being the most significant variation for the Bio 2 product.
The coatings industry is one of the most heavily regulated industries in the world, so for the last 40 years producers have been forced to adopt strategies for developing products with less environmental impact. Contract upholstery coverings (intended for public spaces) consist of PVC resins and other additives that cause environmental problems due to their high resistance to degradation in the environment. Thus arises the need to develop products with natural raw materials that result in materials with a more biodegradable character. Two products, called Bio 1 and Bio 2, have been developed. Bio 1 leather has been produced with a formulation already defined in previous studies carried out at the same research center. The azodicarbonamide masterbatch was replaced by a starch masterbatch and water, and the phthalic plasticizer by acetyltributyl citrate plasticizer. The formulation of Bio 2 leather differed only from Bio 1 in the type of plasticizer used, which is still under development by the producer. The physical-mechanical characterization of the products was performed, and it was observed that both versions (Bio 1 and Bio 2) presented similar behaviors. In the second part of the work, two parallel biodegradation tests were performed for each of the developed products. One of the studies was carried out at Lipor's Organic Valorization Center (CVO) and the other by the Sturm test at the Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI). The results obtained for both products indicate the occurrence of biodegradation. A mass loss of 7.13% and 8.30% was observed for Bio 1 and Bio 2, respectively. Introducing the product with the new biological plasticizer (Bio 2) a slightly higher mass loss. In the thermal analysis performed, onset and endset temperature shifts were observed before and after the biodegradation tests for both developed products. These results reinforce the evidence of biodegradation, already observed in the mass loss tests, being the most significant variation for the Bio 2 product.
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Keywords
Revestimento Plastificante biológico Teste de Sturm Produto de compostagem Biodegradabilidade Coating Biological plasticizer Sturm test Composting product Biodegradability