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Análise do Comportamento de um Sistema de Elevação, Sob Ação Sísmica
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 9.86 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Com o presente relatório, pretende-se estudar o comportamento de um sistema de elevação,
quando sujeito a uma atividade sísmica ou terramoto, cuja instalação é usualmente encontrada em
qualquer tipo de edifício. Embora o elevador não seja considerado um equipamento estrutural, a
presença deste tipo de equipamento em qualquer edifício público é bastante assídua e de extrema
importância na gestão de transporte vertical de pessoas e cargas. Precisamente pelo facto de
transportar pessoas, faz com que este tipo de equipamento seja considerado especial, pelo que
desde meados do século XX, a resposta do seu comportamento perante uma atividade sísmica é
objeto de estudo. Para uma melhor introdução do tema, este relatório está dividido numa parte de
contextualização, onde muito superficialmente, são abordadas variantes com influência na
resposta final do equipamento. Cada uma destas variantes, tem a sua importância na realização de
projeto, sendo necessário ter em atenção os requisitos fundamentais de construção de edifícios e
legislação em vigor, assim como ter em atenção a tipologia do terreno e respetiva distribuição no
território nacional, as diferentes ondas de propagação de uma atividade sísmica, a tipologia de
edifício e respetivos meios de transporte vertical. É efetuada uma introdução básica aos diferentes
meios de transporte vertical, abordando particularmente os diferentes tipos de elevadores. Para
demonstrar a importância da necessidade do estudo, são mencionadas algumas catástrofes
naturais, nomeadamente atividade sísmica. Num capítulo dedicado ao estado de arte e revisão
bibliográfica, inicialmente são analisados alguns artigos especificamente direcionados para o
registo das consequências reais que uma atividade sísmica tem na sociedade, particularmente nos
efeitos secundários da operacionalidade em elevadores. Numa segunda fase deste capítulo, é
direcionada a atenção para a análise de artigos, cujos temas são especialmente focados no estudo
experimental e desenvolvimento de novas propostas para a melhoria contínua da resposta dos
elevadores à atividade sísmica, sendo identificadas algumas anomalias e apresentadas algumas
soluções de melhoria de segurança. Num capítulo especificamente dedicado à análise do
comportamento do elevador em condições sísmicas, através de cálculo analítico baseado na
legislação, são calculados os esforços gerados no equipamento e posterior comparação com os
limites legais para validação do elevador numa determinada categoria sísmica. É também dedicado
um capítulo para o estudo do comportamento do elevador através da análise computacional com
o método de elementos finitos. Finalmente são analisados e comparados os resultados obtidos.
With this report, it is intended to study the behavior of a lifting system, when subjected to a seismic activity or earthquake, whose installation is usually found in any type of building. Although the elevator is not considered a structural equipment, the presence of this type of equipment in any public building is quite assiduous and of extreme importance in the management of vertical transport of people and cargo. Precisely because it transports people, it makes this type of equipment special, so that since the mid-twentieth century, the response of its behavior to a seismic activity is the object of study. For a better introduction of the topic, this report is divided into a contextualization part, where very superficially, variants with influence on the final response of the equipment are addressed. Each of these variants has its importance in the realization of the project, being necessary to consider the fundamental requirements of construction of buildings and legislation in force, as well as to take into account the typology of the land and its distribution in the national territory, the different waves of propagation of a seismic activity, the typology of building and its means of vertical transport. A basic introduction is made to the different means of vertical transport, addressing the different types of lifts. To demonstrate the importance of the need for the study, some natural disasters, namely seismic activity, are mentioned. In a chapter dedicated to the state of the art and bibliographic review, initially some articles are analyzed specifically aimed at recording the real consequences that a seismic activity has on society, particularly in the secondary effects of the operability in elevators. In a second phase of this chapter, attention is directed to the analysis of articles, whose themes are especially focused on the experimental study and development of new proposals for the continuous improvement of the response of elevators to seismic activity, being identified some anomalies and presented some solutions for safety improvement. In a chapter specifically dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of the elevator in seismic conditions, through analytical calculation based on the legislation, the efforts generated in the equipment are calculated and then compared with the legal limits for validation of the elevator in each seismic category. A chapter is also devoted to the study of elevator behavior through computational analysis with the finite element method. Finally, the results obtained are analyzed and compared.
With this report, it is intended to study the behavior of a lifting system, when subjected to a seismic activity or earthquake, whose installation is usually found in any type of building. Although the elevator is not considered a structural equipment, the presence of this type of equipment in any public building is quite assiduous and of extreme importance in the management of vertical transport of people and cargo. Precisely because it transports people, it makes this type of equipment special, so that since the mid-twentieth century, the response of its behavior to a seismic activity is the object of study. For a better introduction of the topic, this report is divided into a contextualization part, where very superficially, variants with influence on the final response of the equipment are addressed. Each of these variants has its importance in the realization of the project, being necessary to consider the fundamental requirements of construction of buildings and legislation in force, as well as to take into account the typology of the land and its distribution in the national territory, the different waves of propagation of a seismic activity, the typology of building and its means of vertical transport. A basic introduction is made to the different means of vertical transport, addressing the different types of lifts. To demonstrate the importance of the need for the study, some natural disasters, namely seismic activity, are mentioned. In a chapter dedicated to the state of the art and bibliographic review, initially some articles are analyzed specifically aimed at recording the real consequences that a seismic activity has on society, particularly in the secondary effects of the operability in elevators. In a second phase of this chapter, attention is directed to the analysis of articles, whose themes are especially focused on the experimental study and development of new proposals for the continuous improvement of the response of elevators to seismic activity, being identified some anomalies and presented some solutions for safety improvement. In a chapter specifically dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of the elevator in seismic conditions, through analytical calculation based on the legislation, the efforts generated in the equipment are calculated and then compared with the legal limits for validation of the elevator in each seismic category. A chapter is also devoted to the study of elevator behavior through computational analysis with the finite element method. Finally, the results obtained are analyzed and compared.
Description
Keywords
Seismic Earthquake Elevator Counterweight