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O presente projeto pretende, por meio de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica e inquérito por questionário, analisar as principais competências soft skills que são essenciais na concepção dos recém-diplomados para serem bem-sucedidos no processo de transição e de adaptação às novas exigências e na competitividade no mundo do trabalho. Para Vieira e Marques (2014) as soft skills são um conjunto de competências pessoais e interpessoais e, neste conjunto, “aquelas que conferem ascendentes ou vantagem na compita pelo emprego e pela sustentação de uma empregabilidade sustentável” (p. 22). O profissional passa a ter qualidade empregável ao se responsabilizar pela sua carreira (Carvalho, 2009). Assim, a pessoa que desenvolve as suas capacidades e competências, bem como uma postura de iniciativa, se torna o protagonista da sua própria carreira. Esta temática é um dos principais focos do presente trabalho, motivo pelo qual é feita uma reflexão mais longa que fundamenta o processo de investigação empírica. De forma a encontrar respostas às questões de investigação empírica, foi disponibilizado um questionário estruturado, dirigido à 267 recém-diplomados de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV) localizadas no Estado do Espírito Santo – Brasil. Com base no objetivo operacional da investigação, o tipo de estudo é correlacional com modelo de aquisição quantitativo e com características de uma investigação aplicada. Através da análise descritiva verificou-se que 60,3% dos diplomados considera muito importante o papel das soft skills no mundo do trabalho atual (média=4,47; DP=0,742). Na avaliação acerca do desenvolvimento das soft skills no percurso académico os diplomados mostraram-se divididos, porém mais de 70% da amostra é unânime ao concordar totalmente que as IES precisam ter um papel mais ativo no desenvolvimento das soft skills dos alunos. Nos resultados da investigação foi possível concluir que todas as soft skills avaliadas neste estudo são moderadamente ou muito utilizadas pelos diplomados que exercem uma atividade profissional. Contudo, Ética e responsabilidade social, o Trabalho em equipa, a Escuta ativa, a Gestão do tempo e, a Adaptação e flexibilidade são as competências mais utilizadas pelos diplomados no trabalho. Adicionalmente, na concordância entre graduados e pós-graduados, constatou-se que Inteligência emocional, Adaptação e flexibilidade, Trabalho em equipa, Resolução de problemas e, Criatividade e inovação serão as 5 soft skills mais valorizadas no mercado laboral para os próximos 5 anos. Outro resultado relevante a se destacar reside numa análise comparativa por habilitações académicas, em que os resultados evidenciaram que os diplomados com maior grau académico: a) utilizam mais frequentemente as soft skills no exercício da atividade profissional, e; b) revelam melhor avaliação acerca da preparação proporcionada pelo percurso académico em termos de soft skills. Efetivamente, é certo que o futuro revela-se bastante promissor àqueles que estiverem mais preparados em relação às competências soft skills, não só para entrada no mercado de trabalho, mas principalmente para manterem-se valorizados e indispensáveis na manutenção de suas carreiras.
The present project intends, through a bibliographic review study and questionnaire survey, to analyze the main soft skills competences that are essential in the conception of the new graduates to be successful in the transition process and adaptation to the new demands and in the competitiveness in the world of work. For Vieira and Marques (2014) soft skills are a set of personal and interpersonal skills and, in this set, “those that give rise, or advantage, to compete for employment and for sustaining sustainable employability” (p. 22). Professionals become employable when taking responsibility for their career (Carvalho, 2009). Thus, the person who develops his or her skills and competences, as well as an attitude of initiative, become the protagonist of his or her own career. This theme is one of the main focuses of the present work, which is why a longer reflection is made that underpins the process of empirical investigation. In order to find answers to empirical research questions, a structured questionnaire was made available to 267 recent graduates in Higher Education Institutions of the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region (RMGV) located in the State of Espírito Santo - Brazil. Based on the operational objective of the investigation, the type of study is correlational with a quantitative acquisition model and with characteristics of an applied investigation. Through the descriptive analysis it was found that 60.3% of graduates consider very important the role of soft skills in the current world of work (average = 4.47; SD = 0.742). In evaluating the development of soft skills in the academic path graduates were divided, but more than 70% of the sample is unanimous in fully agreeing that Higher Education Institutions need to play a more active role in the development of students soft skills. In the results of the investigation it was possible to conclude that all soft skills evaluated in this study are moderately or widely used by the graduates who perform a professional activity. However, Ethics and Social Responsibility, Teamwork, Active Listening, Time Management and Adaptation and Flexibility are the skills most used by graduates at work. Additionally, the agreement between graduates and postgraduates found that Emotional Intelligence, Adaptation and Flexibility, Teamwork, Problem Solving and Creativity and Innovation will be the 5 most valued soft skills in the labor market for the next 5 years. Another relevant result is a comparative analysis by academic qualifications, in which the results showed that graduates with higher academic degrees: a) use soft skills more frequently in the exercise of their professional activity, and; b) reveal better evaluation about the preparation provided by the academic path in terms of soft skills. Indeed, it is certain that the future is very promising for those who are better prepared for soft skills, not only to enter the job market, but especially to remain valued and indispensable in maintaining their careers.
The present project intends, through a bibliographic review study and questionnaire survey, to analyze the main soft skills competences that are essential in the conception of the new graduates to be successful in the transition process and adaptation to the new demands and in the competitiveness in the world of work. For Vieira and Marques (2014) soft skills are a set of personal and interpersonal skills and, in this set, “those that give rise, or advantage, to compete for employment and for sustaining sustainable employability” (p. 22). Professionals become employable when taking responsibility for their career (Carvalho, 2009). Thus, the person who develops his or her skills and competences, as well as an attitude of initiative, become the protagonist of his or her own career. This theme is one of the main focuses of the present work, which is why a longer reflection is made that underpins the process of empirical investigation. In order to find answers to empirical research questions, a structured questionnaire was made available to 267 recent graduates in Higher Education Institutions of the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region (RMGV) located in the State of Espírito Santo - Brazil. Based on the operational objective of the investigation, the type of study is correlational with a quantitative acquisition model and with characteristics of an applied investigation. Through the descriptive analysis it was found that 60.3% of graduates consider very important the role of soft skills in the current world of work (average = 4.47; SD = 0.742). In evaluating the development of soft skills in the academic path graduates were divided, but more than 70% of the sample is unanimous in fully agreeing that Higher Education Institutions need to play a more active role in the development of students soft skills. In the results of the investigation it was possible to conclude that all soft skills evaluated in this study are moderately or widely used by the graduates who perform a professional activity. However, Ethics and Social Responsibility, Teamwork, Active Listening, Time Management and Adaptation and Flexibility are the skills most used by graduates at work. Additionally, the agreement between graduates and postgraduates found that Emotional Intelligence, Adaptation and Flexibility, Teamwork, Problem Solving and Creativity and Innovation will be the 5 most valued soft skills in the labor market for the next 5 years. Another relevant result is a comparative analysis by academic qualifications, in which the results showed that graduates with higher academic degrees: a) use soft skills more frequently in the exercise of their professional activity, and; b) reveal better evaluation about the preparation provided by the academic path in terms of soft skills. Indeed, it is certain that the future is very promising for those who are better prepared for soft skills, not only to enter the job market, but especially to remain valued and indispensable in maintaining their careers.
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Keywords
Competências Soft Skills Empregabilidade Desenvolvimento de carreira Percurso académico Employability Academic background Career development