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É hoje comummente aceite que um processo equitativorequer que quem não fale nem compreenda a língua do processo seja assistido por intérprete e tenhaacesso atradução das principais peças processuais para língua que compreenda. O direito a assistência por intérprete em processo penal tem já longa tradição no Direito internacional dos direitos humanos e conheceu um desenvolvimento significativo no quadro do Direito da União Europeia com a Diretiva 2010/64/UE de 20.10.2010. O legislador português reconhece explicitamente odireitonosCódigo de Processo Penale Civilenas leis de asilo e de imigração. Todavia, à semelhança do que se verifica noutros países, a garantia de assistência linguística nos tribunais portugueses deixa muito a desejar, com obstáculos de vária ordem, desde a falta de intérpretes qualificados atéà insensibilidade dos atoresjudiciais para as especificidades do trabalho com intérpretes e para o impacto das barreiras linguísticas no acesso à justiça por quem não fala nem compreende a língua portuguesa.Este texto fazum ponto de situaçãodo estado da questão, a partir da análise do quadro normativo de Direito internacionale nacional aplicável, dedecisões judiciais em que os tribunais portugueses sepronunciaram sobre a (ir)relevância da ausência ou insuficiente assistência por intérpretee dos resultados deentrevistas coletivas e individuais realizadas com stakeholderssobre eventuais dificuldades associadas ao trabalho em contextos multilinguísticos e o grau de satisfação com as respostas dadas pelos tribunais portugueses.
It is commonly acknowledged that a fair trial requires that those who do not speak or understand the language of the court should be assisted by an interpreter and have access to a translation of key case documents into a language that they understand. The right to be assisted by an interpreter in criminal proceedings has a long tradition in international human rights’ law and was further strengthened in the European Union with Directive 2010/64/EU of 20.10.2010. The right is also explicitly recognised by Portuguese law, in the Codes of Criminal and Civil Procedure and in the Asylum and Immigration Acts. However, similarly to what has been reported for other countries, the provision of language assistance in Portuguese courts leaves much to be desired, with obstacles ranging from scarcity of qualified interpreters to the lack of sensitivity on the part of judicial actors to the specificities of working with interpreters and to the impact that language barriers can have on access to justice by those who do not understand Portuguese. This paper gives an assessment of the state of play, based on an analysis of the relevant international and domestic legal frameworks, of judgments where Portuguese courts ruled on the (ir)relevance of the lack or insufficient assistance by interpreter and of the outcomes of focus groups and individual interviews conducted with stakeholders on the challenges of working in multilingual settings and the performance of Portuguese courts.
It is commonly acknowledged that a fair trial requires that those who do not speak or understand the language of the court should be assisted by an interpreter and have access to a translation of key case documents into a language that they understand. The right to be assisted by an interpreter in criminal proceedings has a long tradition in international human rights’ law and was further strengthened in the European Union with Directive 2010/64/EU of 20.10.2010. The right is also explicitly recognised by Portuguese law, in the Codes of Criminal and Civil Procedure and in the Asylum and Immigration Acts. However, similarly to what has been reported for other countries, the provision of language assistance in Portuguese courts leaves much to be desired, with obstacles ranging from scarcity of qualified interpreters to the lack of sensitivity on the part of judicial actors to the specificities of working with interpreters and to the impact that language barriers can have on access to justice by those who do not understand Portuguese. This paper gives an assessment of the state of play, based on an analysis of the relevant international and domestic legal frameworks, of judgments where Portuguese courts ruled on the (ir)relevance of the lack or insufficient assistance by interpreter and of the outcomes of focus groups and individual interviews conducted with stakeholders on the challenges of working in multilingual settings and the performance of Portuguese courts.
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Keywords
Barreiras linguísticas Prática judicial Intérprete Tradutor Language barriers Court practice Interpreter Translator
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Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto