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Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal

2022-10-26Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Irene P.
dc.contributor.authorPeixoto, Bruno
dc.contributor.authorCaldas, José Carlos
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Ana
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorMoreira, Bárbara
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Agostinho
dc.contributor.authorMoreira-Rosário, André
dc.contributor.authorGuerra, António
dc.contributor.authorDelerue-Matos, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorSintra, Diana
dc.contributor.authorPestana, Diogo
dc.contributor.authorPinto, Edgar
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Francisca Castro
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Inês
dc.contributor.authorLeite, João Costa
dc.contributor.authorFontoura, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorMaia, Maria Luz
dc.contributor.authorQueirós, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorMoreira, Roxana
dc.contributor.authorLeal, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorNorberto, Sónia
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Vera
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Virgínia Cruz
dc.contributor.authorKeating, Elisa
dc.contributor.authorAzevedo, Luís
dc.contributor.authorCalhau, Conceição
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-31T09:07:39Z
dc.date.available2023-01-31T09:07:39Z
dc.date.issued2022-10-26
dc.description.abstractThe goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementationpt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project was funded through grants by the Public Health Initiatives Programme (PT06), financed by EEA Grants Financial Mechanism 2009–2014, and supported by FEDER through the operation POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007746 funded by the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização—COMPETE2020 and by National Funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., within CINTESIS, R&D Unit (reference UIDP/4255/2020) and within the scope of the project RISE, Associated Laboratory (reference LA/P/0053/2020). DP and VCF also received individual funding from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/109158/2015 in the first case; SFRH/BPD/109153/2015, UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/2020, and LA/P/0008/2020 in the second case)pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu14214493pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22015
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationPOCI-01-0145-FEDER-007746pt_PT
dc.relationUIDP/4255/2020pt_PT
dc.relationLA/P/0053/2020pt_PT
dc.relationSalmon consumption: metabolic and epigenetic risk-benefit considerations in obesity
dc.relationFruitec-Modern analytical technologies for assess Persistent and Emergent Organic Pollutants in red fruits
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relationAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4493pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectExcessive iodinept_PT
dc.subjectCognitionpt_PT
dc.subjectSchool agespt_PT
dc.subjectIodine-adequate populationpt_PT
dc.subjectRepresentative samplept_PT
dc.titleAssociation between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugalpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleSalmon consumption: metabolic and epigenetic risk-benefit considerations in obesity
oaire.awardTitleFruitec-Modern analytical technologies for assess Persistent and Emergent Organic Pollutants in red fruits
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardTitleAssociated Laboratory for Green Chemistry - Clean Technologies and Processes
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/FARH/SFRH%2FBPD%2F109158%2F2015/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/SFRH%2FBPD%2F109153%2F2015/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50006%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue21pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage4493pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleNutrientspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume14pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamFARH
oaire.fundingStreamPOR_NORTE
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameDelerue-Matos
person.familyNameGalante Maia
person.familyNameFernandes
person.givenNameCristina
person.givenNameMaria da Luz
person.givenNameVirgínia
person.identifier.ciencia-id9A1A-43FB-5C27
person.identifier.ciencia-id161F-62CC-7A37
person.identifier.ciencia-id5A16-3713-E0CE
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3924-776X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4383-3822
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3979-7523
person.identifier.ridD-4990-2013
person.identifier.ridG-4985-2010
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6603741848
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56436939000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id37045954500
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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