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Abstract(s)
É crescente a necessidade de otimizar os recursos utilizados na indústria e como também a preocupação com a sustentabilidade e preservação do meio ambiente. Nesse sentido, tanto economicamente como ambientalmente é preciso buscar soluções que equilibrem essas duas vertentes. O objetivo dessa tese é estudar a possibilidade de reduzir a toxicidade de um efluente produzido na WEG. O efluente é uma emulsão não clorada gerada durante o processo produtivo. Essa emulsão é uma mistura de fluido de corte, na forma óleo em água proveniente do processo conhecido como usinagem. Os efluentes industriais podem ter inúmeras características dependendo do tipo de indústria, da origem e do processo. O motivo é que cada companhia utiliza diferentes componentes e substâncias químicas, logo é preciso investigar cada caso particular e assim, possibilitar o desenvolvimento do processo de tratamento mais adequado para aquele efluente específico. A primeira fase do trabalho consistiu em efetuar um tratamento com adição de NaCl a quente com agitação seguido de centrifugação e posterior decantação. Este tratamento permitiu reduzir o teor de óleo da emulsão. A segunda fase do trabalho consistiu em caracterizar a fase aquosa resultante deste tratamento. Os parâmetros caracterizados foram: Sólidos Suspensos Totais, Óleos e Gorduras, Fósforo, Carência Química de Oxigênio e pH. Os valores obtidos para esses parâmetros foram então comparados com a legislação vigente em Portugal. Concluindo-se que, o tratamento utlizado reduz em cerca de 90% a quantidade de óleo presente, porém, ainda assim, a emulsão não se enquadra nos valores limites definidos pelo decreto-lei DL 236/1998, anexo XVIII (disponível na Tabela 3.1) e por isso não é possível fazer a descarga em meios hídricos legalmente.
There is a growing need to optimize the resources used in the industry as well as an environment concerned with sustainability and preservation of the environment. In this sense, both aspects economic and environmental are needed in order to find a balance between these two aspects. The objective of this thesis is to seek the reduction of the toxicity of the effluent at WEG. The focus is a non-chlorinated emulsion generated by the production process. This emulsion is a mixture of cutting fluid, in the form of oil in water, from the process known as machining. Industrial effluents may have different characteristics due to the origin and type of industrial process. The reason is that each company can use different components and chemicals in each specific case, so it is necessary to investigate so it is possible to develop the most appropriate treatment process for its effluent. The first phase of the work consisted of carrying out a treatment with the addition of NaCl with heating and agitation followed by centrifugation and subsequent decantation. This treatment allowed to reduce the oil content of the emulsion. The second phase of the work consisted of characterizing the aqueous phase resulting from this treatment. The characterized parameters were: Total Suspended Solids, Oils and Fats, Phosphorus, Chemical Oxygen Demand and pH. The values obtained for these parameters were then compared with the portuguese legislation. In conclusion, the treatment used reduces the amount of oil present by about 90%, however, even so, the emulsion does not fit within the limits defined by decree-law DL 236/1998, annex XVIII (available in Table 3.1) and therefore it is not possible to discharge into waters legally.
There is a growing need to optimize the resources used in the industry as well as an environment concerned with sustainability and preservation of the environment. In this sense, both aspects economic and environmental are needed in order to find a balance between these two aspects. The objective of this thesis is to seek the reduction of the toxicity of the effluent at WEG. The focus is a non-chlorinated emulsion generated by the production process. This emulsion is a mixture of cutting fluid, in the form of oil in water, from the process known as machining. Industrial effluents may have different characteristics due to the origin and type of industrial process. The reason is that each company can use different components and chemicals in each specific case, so it is necessary to investigate so it is possible to develop the most appropriate treatment process for its effluent. The first phase of the work consisted of carrying out a treatment with the addition of NaCl with heating and agitation followed by centrifugation and subsequent decantation. This treatment allowed to reduce the oil content of the emulsion. The second phase of the work consisted of characterizing the aqueous phase resulting from this treatment. The characterized parameters were: Total Suspended Solids, Oils and Fats, Phosphorus, Chemical Oxygen Demand and pH. The values obtained for these parameters were then compared with the portuguese legislation. In conclusion, the treatment used reduces the amount of oil present by about 90%, however, even so, the emulsion does not fit within the limits defined by decree-law DL 236/1998, annex XVIII (available in Table 3.1) and therefore it is not possible to discharge into waters legally.
Description
Keywords
Emulsão Tratamento de efluentes Caracterização Emulsion Wastewater treatment Characterization