Loading...
Publication
Definição e Construção de uma Instalação de Gasificação Supercrítica para o Tratamento de Lamas Industriais
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.37 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O presente documento constitui o relatório de dissertação desenvolvido no âmbito da obtenção
de grau Mestre em Engenharia Química. O trabalho foi realizado no CIETI, Centro de Inovação
em Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial, unidade de investigação sediada no Instituto Superior
de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP).
O principal objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na definição de uma instalação de gasificação
supercrítica, projetada para operar em regime contínuo, com vista à sua futura construção e
arranque experimental para o tratamento de lamas industriais.
Para sustentar o projeto da instalação definida no âmbito deste trabalho, realizou-se
inicialmente uma revisão bibliográfica relativa a unidades experimentais com reatores
contínuos. Este estudo foi elaborado para identificar os principais componentes que compõem
uma instalação de gasificação supercrítica, o modo como se encontram interligados e as suas
respetivas características técnicas. Este estudo prévio permitiu realizar um resumo do
funcionamento geral de uma unidade de gasificação supercrítica, o qual serviu de base para a
definição da instalação proposta neste trabalho.
Com base no estudo bibliográfico foi definido o projeto da instalação experimental e foram
identificados os elementos principais a integrar na instalação, nomeadamente: uma bomba
HPLC, uma válvula anti-retorno, um reator contínuo, uma unidade de condensação, um filtro
de partículas conectado a um regulador de contrapressão, um sistema de separação e limpeza
de gases, um medidor de caudal e um sistema de amostragem de gases. Definida esta lista,
procedeu-se ao levantamento dos componentes já disponíveis nas instalações do CIETI, de
forma a identificar os componentes e acessórios em falta que necessitavam ser adquiridos para
a concretização da unidade experimental. Para estes últimos, foram solicitados orçamentos a
quatro fornecedores. A encomenda foi adjudicada à empresa ForMaST, Gestão Técnica e
Manutenção de Equipamentos, Lda., cuja proposta se revelou tecnicamente e economicamente
mais vantajosa, tendo totalizado o montante de 884,03€. Após a receção dos componentes
encomendados, procedeu-se à montagem da instalação experimental.
Por fim, foram definidos os procedimentos de operação dos equipamentos de medição da
instalação (caudalímetro, termopar e cromatógrafo gasoso) e dos respetivos sistemas de
aquisição e tratamento de dados. Cada sistema foi testado e operado, tendo sido elaborado um
conjunto de instruções que garantem a sua correta utilização por parte de qualquer utilizador.
Este trabalho é um documento chave para a nova instalação experimental de gasificação
supercrítica, que permite e facilita a transmissão de conhecimento relativa à sua operação.
This document constitutes the dissertation report developed as part of the requirements for obtaining a Master’s Degree in Chemical Engineering. The work was carried out at CIETI, Centre for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, a research unit based at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). The main objective of this work was the definition of a supercritical gasification unit, projected to operate under continuous flow, aiming at its future construction and experimental start-up for the treatment of industrial sludges. To support the design of the installation defined in this work, a bibliographic review was initially carried out on experimental units with continuous reactors. This study was developed to identify the main components that constitute a supercritical gasification unit, how they are interconnected, and their respective technical characteristics. This preliminary study made it possible to summarize the general operation of a supercritical gasification unit, which served as the basis for the definition of the installation proposed in this work. Based on the literature review, the design of the experimental installation was defined and the main elements to be included in the unit were identified, namely: an HPLC pump, a check valve, a continuous reactor, a condensation unit, a particle filter connected to a back-pressure regulator, a gas separation and purification system, a flow meter, and a gas sampling system. Once this list was established, an assessment was made of the components already available at the CIETI facilities in order to identify the missing components and accessories that would need to be acquired to complete the experimental unit. For these missing components, quotations were requested from four suppliers. The order was awarded to the company ForMaST – Gestão Técnica e Manutenção de Equipamentos, Lda., whose proposal proved to be the most advantageous both technically and economically, totaling the amount of 884.03€. After receiving the ordered components, the assembly of the experimental setup was carried out. Finally, the operating procedures for the installation’s measurement equipment (flowmeter, thermocouple, and gas chromatograph) and their respective data acquisition and processing systems were defined. Each system was tested and operated, and a set of instructions was prepared to ensure their correct use by any operator. This work is a key document for the new supercritical gasification experimental unit, enabling and facilitating the transfer of knowledge related to its operation.
This document constitutes the dissertation report developed as part of the requirements for obtaining a Master’s Degree in Chemical Engineering. The work was carried out at CIETI, Centre for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, a research unit based at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). The main objective of this work was the definition of a supercritical gasification unit, projected to operate under continuous flow, aiming at its future construction and experimental start-up for the treatment of industrial sludges. To support the design of the installation defined in this work, a bibliographic review was initially carried out on experimental units with continuous reactors. This study was developed to identify the main components that constitute a supercritical gasification unit, how they are interconnected, and their respective technical characteristics. This preliminary study made it possible to summarize the general operation of a supercritical gasification unit, which served as the basis for the definition of the installation proposed in this work. Based on the literature review, the design of the experimental installation was defined and the main elements to be included in the unit were identified, namely: an HPLC pump, a check valve, a continuous reactor, a condensation unit, a particle filter connected to a back-pressure regulator, a gas separation and purification system, a flow meter, and a gas sampling system. Once this list was established, an assessment was made of the components already available at the CIETI facilities in order to identify the missing components and accessories that would need to be acquired to complete the experimental unit. For these missing components, quotations were requested from four suppliers. The order was awarded to the company ForMaST – Gestão Técnica e Manutenção de Equipamentos, Lda., whose proposal proved to be the most advantageous both technically and economically, totaling the amount of 884.03€. After receiving the ordered components, the assembly of the experimental setup was carried out. Finally, the operating procedures for the installation’s measurement equipment (flowmeter, thermocouple, and gas chromatograph) and their respective data acquisition and processing systems were defined. Each system was tested and operated, and a set of instructions was prepared to ensure their correct use by any operator. This work is a key document for the new supercritical gasification experimental unit, enabling and facilitating the transfer of knowledge related to its operation.
Description
Keywords
sludges gasification supercritical conditions experimental installation continuous regime operational procedures