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Análise qualitativa e quantitativa de amianto nos solos
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação resulta do estágio curricular realizado na empresa Eurofins Environment
Lab Testing Portugal, no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Química do Instituto Superior de
Engenharia do Porto. O trabalho teve como principal objetivo a implementação de uma
metodologia de análise qualitativa e quantitativa de amianto em solos, com base na norma
internacional ASTM D7521-22, adaptada às condições laboratoriais da Eurofins.
O amianto, composto por minerais fibrosos com propriedades físico-químicas únicas, foi
amplamente utilizado em diversas indústrias até à sua proibição em muitos países, incluindo
Portugal. A sua presença residual em solos representa um risco significativo para a saúde pública
e para o ambiente, sendo essencial o desenvolvimento de métodos eficazes para a sua deteção
e quantificação.
No decurso deste trabalho, foram estudadas as normas internacionais relativas à análise de
amianto nos solos e, posteriormente, realizados ensaios laboratoriais em três fases, que
permitiram testar e otimizar cada etapa do processo analítico, desde a secagem e peneiração
das amostras, até à análise por microscopia ótica de luz polarizada e microscopia eletrónica de
transmissão. Nas duas primeiras fases foram utilizadas amostras isentas de amianto, de forma
a otimizar os procedimentos e evitar os riscos na sua manipulação. Na terceira fase utilizaramse
amostras contaminadas, tendo sido possível identificar as fibras e validar a parte qualitativa
da metodologia.
O trabalho incluiu também a avaliação de custos de implementação, a análise de riscos
associados ao manuseamento de amostras contaminadas e a participação em ensaios
interlaboratoriais (Asbestos In Soil Scheme), que evidenciaram a necessidade de melhorias na
quantificação. Como resultado, definiu-se que, numa primeira etapa, apenas a componente
qualitativa da análise de amianto em solos seguiria para acreditação, ficando a validação
quantitativa para uma fase posterior.
Este trabalho culmina com a definição do âmbito da metodologia a implementar, estabelecendo
a análise qualitativa como primeira etapa do processo de acreditação. Paralelamente, realizouse
uma auditoria interna, visando preparar a auditoria externa que será, futuramente, realizada.
This dissertation constitutes the culmination of a curricular internship conducted at Eurofins Environment Lab Testing Portugal, which is an integral component of the master’s degree in chemical engineering at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The primary objective of the work was to implement a methodology for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of asbestos in soils, based on the international standard ASTM D7521-22, adapted to Eurofins' laboratory conditions. Asbestos, a composite of fibrous minerals with distinctive physical and chemical properties, was extensively utilised in various industrial sectors until its utilisation was prohibited in numerous countries, including Portugal. Its residual presence in soils poses a significant risk to public health and the environment, making it essential to develop effective methods for its detection and quantification. During the development of the work, international standards for the analysis of asbestos in soil were studied, and laboratory tests were subsequently carried out in three phases. These allowed each stage of the analytical process to be tested and optimised, from the drying and sieving of samples to analysis by Polarized Light Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. In the early stages, asbestos-free samples were used to optimize procedures and minimize risks. In the third stage, using contaminated samples, it was possible to identify fibers and validate the qualitative part of the methodology. The work also included the assessment of implementation costs, the analysis of risks associated with the handling of contaminated samples, and the participation in interlaboratory tests (Asbestos In Soil Scheme), which highlighted the need for improvements in quantification. As a result, it was decided that, in a first stage, only the qualitative component of asbestos analysis in soils will proceed to accreditation, with quantitative validation being left for a later stage. This work culminates in defining the scope of the methodology to be implemented, focusing on qualitative analysis as the first stage of accreditation, and conducting an internal audit to prepare for the external audit to be carried out in the future.
This dissertation constitutes the culmination of a curricular internship conducted at Eurofins Environment Lab Testing Portugal, which is an integral component of the master’s degree in chemical engineering at Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. The primary objective of the work was to implement a methodology for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of asbestos in soils, based on the international standard ASTM D7521-22, adapted to Eurofins' laboratory conditions. Asbestos, a composite of fibrous minerals with distinctive physical and chemical properties, was extensively utilised in various industrial sectors until its utilisation was prohibited in numerous countries, including Portugal. Its residual presence in soils poses a significant risk to public health and the environment, making it essential to develop effective methods for its detection and quantification. During the development of the work, international standards for the analysis of asbestos in soil were studied, and laboratory tests were subsequently carried out in three phases. These allowed each stage of the analytical process to be tested and optimised, from the drying and sieving of samples to analysis by Polarized Light Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. In the early stages, asbestos-free samples were used to optimize procedures and minimize risks. In the third stage, using contaminated samples, it was possible to identify fibers and validate the qualitative part of the methodology. The work also included the assessment of implementation costs, the analysis of risks associated with the handling of contaminated samples, and the participation in interlaboratory tests (Asbestos In Soil Scheme), which highlighted the need for improvements in quantification. As a result, it was decided that, in a first stage, only the qualitative component of asbestos analysis in soils will proceed to accreditation, with quantitative validation being left for a later stage. This work culminates in defining the scope of the methodology to be implemented, focusing on qualitative analysis as the first stage of accreditation, and conducting an internal audit to prepare for the external audit to be carried out in the future.
Description
Keywords
ASTM D7521 Asbestos fibers Polarized light microscopy Transmission electron microscopy Contaminated soils Fibras de amianto Microscopia eletrónica de transmissão Microscopia ótica de luz polarizada Solos contaminados