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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito da unidade curricular Dissertação/Estágio (DIEST) do segundo ano do Mestrado em Engenharia Química, no ramo de Energia e Biorrefinaria do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). em conjunto com a empresa Monteiro, Ribas- indústrias, S. A. A perspetiva da produção sustentável enquadrou os três objetivos do trabalho: a incorporação de materiais naturais para a produção de uma borracha mais sustentável, o tratamento dos efluentes líquidos resultantes do processo de pintura das placas de borracha e um estudo energético dos fornos de infravermelhos e de ultravioletas utilizados no processo de pintura.
Foi realizado um estudo para obter uma base de borracha que ofereça condições para, a partir dela, estudar a possibilidade de incorporação de quatro materiais diferentes, sendo eles, o amido, resíduos de couro e casca de arroz. Neste estudo compararam-se as propriedades principais da borracha ( dureza, massa volúmica, resistência ao rasgamento, resistência àabrasão, tensão rutura ealongamento) adicionando os diferentes materiais e variando as proporções adicionadas (entre 5 e 50%). Verificou-se que o materal que conduz a melhores propriedades da borracha foi um dos resíduos de couro.
Relativamente ao tratamento dos resíduos da pintura foram recolhidas e analisadas várias amostras de efluentes resultantes de pinturas com tintas de base aquosa. Os parâmetros analisados foram a carência química de oxigénio, determinação de metais, concentração de sólidos suspensos totais, pH e determinação de óleos e gorduras. O estudo do tratamento incidiu sobre processo de coagulação/floculação realizado em Jar Test. Obteve-se um efluente com pH de 6,5, turbidez de 81,7, CQO de 374,2 mg/L, SST de 36 mg/L.
O levantamento energético teve como finalidade quantificar e analisar a energia elétrica consumida no processo pintura da borracha. Foi realizado um levantamento da energia consumida em cada forno de infravermelho utilizado, caracterizando os perfis de consumo quer no caso de acabamentos de base aquosa quer no caso de acabamentos de base solvente. O estudo permitiu ainda apresentar propostas para a redução do consumo energético.
This dissertation was developed in the scope of the curricular unit Dissertação/Estágio (DIEST) of the second year of the master’s degree in Chemical Engineering of Energy and Biorefinery of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto along side the company Monteiro,Ribas- Índustrias, S.A.. The perpective of a sustainable production had three objectives, and they are the following: the incorporation of natural materials to develop a more sustainable rubber, the treatment and disposal of liquid effluent’s obtained by the painting process of rubber plates and developed an energetic survey of the infra-red and ultraviolet ovens used in the painting process. A study was developed to obtain a rubber base that offers conditions to study the possibility of the incorporation of four different materials, these materials being starch, leather residues and rice husk. After incorporated the materials in the rubber, several properties were compared (hardness,density, abrasion, tear resistence, elongation and break point) adding the different material and varying the added proportions (between 5 and 50%). The material with the best properties was the leather residues. Relatively to the painting residue treatment, several samples were collected and analysed. The tests that were made were the lack of chemical oxygen, metals, concentration of suspended total solids, pH and determination of oils and greases. The study focused on the process of coagulation/flocculation developed on Jar Test. There was obtained an effluent with pH of 6.5, turbity of 81.7, CQO of 374.2 mg/L, SST of 36 mg/L. The objective of the energetic survey was to identify the amount of electric energy spent on the rubber painting process. The amount of energy consumed in each infrared and ultraviolet oven were accounted for and characterized the consumption of the aquose based finishing and the solvent based. The study also permitted to presente proposals to reduce the consumption of electric energy.
This dissertation was developed in the scope of the curricular unit Dissertação/Estágio (DIEST) of the second year of the master’s degree in Chemical Engineering of Energy and Biorefinery of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto along side the company Monteiro,Ribas- Índustrias, S.A.. The perpective of a sustainable production had three objectives, and they are the following: the incorporation of natural materials to develop a more sustainable rubber, the treatment and disposal of liquid effluent’s obtained by the painting process of rubber plates and developed an energetic survey of the infra-red and ultraviolet ovens used in the painting process. A study was developed to obtain a rubber base that offers conditions to study the possibility of the incorporation of four different materials, these materials being starch, leather residues and rice husk. After incorporated the materials in the rubber, several properties were compared (hardness,density, abrasion, tear resistence, elongation and break point) adding the different material and varying the added proportions (between 5 and 50%). The material with the best properties was the leather residues. Relatively to the painting residue treatment, several samples were collected and analysed. The tests that were made were the lack of chemical oxygen, metals, concentration of suspended total solids, pH and determination of oils and greases. The study focused on the process of coagulation/flocculation developed on Jar Test. There was obtained an effluent with pH of 6.5, turbity of 81.7, CQO of 374.2 mg/L, SST of 36 mg/L. The objective of the energetic survey was to identify the amount of electric energy spent on the rubber painting process. The amount of energy consumed in each infrared and ultraviolet oven were accounted for and characterized the consumption of the aquose based finishing and the solvent based. The study also permitted to presente proposals to reduce the consumption of electric energy.
Description
Keywords
Efluentes Tinta base aquosa Coagulação Floculação Borracha Amido Couro Casca de arroz Biodegradabilidade Energia Infravermelhos Effluents Water based paint Flocculation Coagulation Rubber Starch Leather Rice husk Biodegradability Energy Infra-red Ultraviolet