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Abstract(s)
A pesquisa pelas energias renováveis foi acelerada devido à evolução do aquecimento
global, causado pelo acúmulo de gases de efeito estufa gerados na sua maior parte pela
queima de combustíveis fósseis. A energia fotovoltaica é amiga do meio ambiente, porém
pode apresentar efeitos adversos como a não linearidade elétrica e para mitigar estes efeitos,
recorre-se à implementação de algoritmos de rastreamento do ponto de potência máxima
(Maximum Power Point Tracking - MPPT). Nesta tese, depois de abordados os principais
conceitos da tecnologia inerente aos sistemas fotovoltaicos, é realizada uma revisão nos
últimos anos, relativa aos métodos convencionais e novos métodos de MPPT.
No seguimento, é implementado um sistema de controlo para painéis fotovoltaicos sendo
este controlado por um microcontrolador programado com um algoritmo MPPT. Desta
forma é apresentado e discutido o trabalho realizado para a construção do sistema, explicado
o algoritmo implementado para a extração de máxima potência e feita a avaliação dos
resultados recolhidos ao sistema.
Como melhoria é apresentado uma solução de controlo de carga de bateria, inserido no
sistema de forma complementar.
Research into renewable energies has been accelerated due to the evolution of global warming, caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases generated mostly by burning fossil fuels. Photovoltaic energy is environmentally friendly, but it can have adverse effects such as electrical non-linearity and to mitigate these effects, the implementation of maximum power point tracking algorithms (Maximum Power Point Tracking - MPPT) is used. In this thesis, after approaching the main concepts of the technology inherent to photovoltaic systems, a review is carried out in recent years, regarding conventional methods and new methods of MPPT. Next, a control system for photovoltaic panels is implemented, which is controlled by a microcontroller programmed with an MPPT algorithm. In this way, the work carried out for the construction of the system is presented and discussed, the algorithm implemented for the extraction of maximum power is explained and the results collected from the system are evaluated. As an improvement, a battery charge control solution is presented, inserted in the system in a complementary way.
Research into renewable energies has been accelerated due to the evolution of global warming, caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases generated mostly by burning fossil fuels. Photovoltaic energy is environmentally friendly, but it can have adverse effects such as electrical non-linearity and to mitigate these effects, the implementation of maximum power point tracking algorithms (Maximum Power Point Tracking - MPPT) is used. In this thesis, after approaching the main concepts of the technology inherent to photovoltaic systems, a review is carried out in recent years, regarding conventional methods and new methods of MPPT. Next, a control system for photovoltaic panels is implemented, which is controlled by a microcontroller programmed with an MPPT algorithm. In this way, the work carried out for the construction of the system is presented and discussed, the algorithm implemented for the extraction of maximum power is explained and the results collected from the system are evaluated. As an improvement, a battery charge control solution is presented, inserted in the system in a complementary way.
Description
Keywords
MPPT algorithm Solar energy Photovoltaic panel Energy efficiency Maximum power transfer Charge controller Maximum power point tracking DC-DC converter