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| DM_MariaQueiros_MGIE_2017 | 3.15 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O empreendedorismo tem merecido a atenção de muitos autores, e realmente é notável o papel deste fenómeno na economia. Este é considerado um motor para o crescimento da economia e riqueza. Alguma importância já tem sido dada a este fenómeno, mas não a suficiente, pois ainda persistem dificuldades/desigualdades em relação à capacidade de iniciar e gerir negócios com um considerável nível de crescimento. A literatura sublinha alguns determinantes para o alto crescimento das empresas tais como as características dos empreendedores, como o nível de educação, bem como, as experiências empresarias já adquiridas; o tamanho e a idade das empresas. De forma geral, percebe-se que as empresas mais pequenas e mais jovens crescem mais rapidamente que as empresas maiores e com mais idade. Muitos autores enfatizam o papel da inovação como motor do desempenho superior das empresas. A cultura é, também referida como chave para o alto crescimento das empresas. Existem diversos estudos sobre como os cidadãos de diferentes origens éticas conseguem enveredar no mundo dos negócios. Ainda na linha da cultura é crucial entender a sua influência no ambiente de trabalho e consequentemente no desempenho das empresas. De forma a investigar o impacto dos aspetos supracitados nas empresas de alto crescimento, utilizou-se dois formatos diferentes de investigação. Numa primeira fase, utilizou-se um programa de pesquisa que inclui avaliações anuais de níveis de atividade empresarial (perceções) em vários países, o Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM),
que atualmente é uma das principais bases de dados internacionais de pesquisa, com o intuito de verificar se há evidências estatísticas para afirmar que os determinantes mencionados pelos autores influenciam os indivíduos de certos países a mostrar níveis de iniciativa mais altos para gerenciar ou criar um negócio de alto crescimento. Para atingir este objetivo utilizaram-se técnicas de análise multivariada, em particular análise de regressão linear múltipla, análise de clusters e análise discriminante. Numa segunda fase, com o propósito de comprovar os determinantes mencionados pelos autores com dados reais, criou-se uma base dados que inclui dados de país de três bases de dados: base de dados da OCDE; base de dados EUROSTAT e base de dados HOFSTEDE; em que os dados foram submetidos a várias técnicas de análise multivariada, em particular a análise de regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro artigo permitem concluir que os indivíduos que reagem rapidamente a oportunidades parecem mostrar melhores habilidades de iniciar e gerir um negócio de alto crescimento; As empresas menores e mais novas parecem mostrar mais inicitiva de gerir um negócio de alto crescimento; Os recursos e as politicas públicas disponíveis nos países são fulcrais para o nível de iniciativa de iniciar e gerir um negócio de alto crescimento, e; A cultura nacional também é comprovada como fator influenciador no nível de capacidade individual de iniciar e gerenciar negócios de alto crescimento. No segundo artigo, verifica-se uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a distância de poder na sociedade com o alto crescimento das empresas; A incerteza no local de trabalho parece influenciar negativamente as taxas de crescimento nos países; A masculinidade detém uma relação negativa com o alto crescimento das empresas, e; ao contrário do verificado no primeiro artigo, há evidências estatísticas para afirmar que quanto maior o tamanho das empresas mais as suas taxas de crescimento.
Entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of many authors, and indeed the role of this phenomenon in the economy is remarkable, this is considered a motor for the growth of economy and wealth. Some importance has already been given to this phenomenon, but not enough, because there are still difficulties / inequalities in the capacity to start and manage businesses with a considerable level of growth. The literature underlines some determinants for the high growth of firms such as the characteristics that the entrepreneurs hold as the education that they have, as well as, the entrepreneurial experiences already acquired; the size and the age of the firms, in general, it is perceived that it is unanimous that smaller and younger firms grow faster than larger and older firms. Innovation is also present in the literature, many authors emphasize the role of innovation as the engine of the superior performance of firms. And yet culture is referred to as the key to the high growth of firms, there are several studies on how citizens of ethical origin can embark on business. Still in the line of culture is crucial to understand the influence of culture in the work environment and consequently in the performance of firms. In order to investigate the impact of the aforementioned aspects on high growth firms, two different research formats were used. In the first phase, a research program was used which includes annual assessments of levels of business activity (perceptions) in several countries, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which is currently one of the main international research databases, with the in order to verify if there is statistical evidence to affirm that the determinants mentioned by the authors influence individuals in certain countries to show higher levels of initiative to manage or create a high growth business. To achieve this objective, multivariate analysis techniques were used, in particular multiple linear regression analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. In a second phase, in order to prove the determinants mentioned by the authors with real data, a database was created that includes country data from three databases, namely: OECD database; EUROSTAT database and HOFSTEDE database; in which data from more than 35 countries were subjected to various multivariate analysis techniques, in particular multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained in the first article allow us to conclude that individuals who react quickly to opportunities seem to show better abilities to start and manage a high growth business; Smaller and younger firms appear to be a factor influencing the initiative to start and run a high growth business; The resources and public policies available in the countries are central to the initiative level of starting and managing a high growth business; National culture is also proven to influence the level of individual capacity to initiate and manage high growth business. In the second article, there is a statistically significant relation between the distance of power in the society with the high growth of the firms; Uncertainty in the workplace has a negative impact on growth rates in countries; Masculinity has a negative relation with the high growth of firms, and; contrary to what was verified in the first article, there is statistical evidence to affirm that the bigger size of the firms influences the growth rates of the firms.
Entrepreneurship has attracted the attention of many authors, and indeed the role of this phenomenon in the economy is remarkable, this is considered a motor for the growth of economy and wealth. Some importance has already been given to this phenomenon, but not enough, because there are still difficulties / inequalities in the capacity to start and manage businesses with a considerable level of growth. The literature underlines some determinants for the high growth of firms such as the characteristics that the entrepreneurs hold as the education that they have, as well as, the entrepreneurial experiences already acquired; the size and the age of the firms, in general, it is perceived that it is unanimous that smaller and younger firms grow faster than larger and older firms. Innovation is also present in the literature, many authors emphasize the role of innovation as the engine of the superior performance of firms. And yet culture is referred to as the key to the high growth of firms, there are several studies on how citizens of ethical origin can embark on business. Still in the line of culture is crucial to understand the influence of culture in the work environment and consequently in the performance of firms. In order to investigate the impact of the aforementioned aspects on high growth firms, two different research formats were used. In the first phase, a research program was used which includes annual assessments of levels of business activity (perceptions) in several countries, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which is currently one of the main international research databases, with the in order to verify if there is statistical evidence to affirm that the determinants mentioned by the authors influence individuals in certain countries to show higher levels of initiative to manage or create a high growth business. To achieve this objective, multivariate analysis techniques were used, in particular multiple linear regression analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. In a second phase, in order to prove the determinants mentioned by the authors with real data, a database was created that includes country data from three databases, namely: OECD database; EUROSTAT database and HOFSTEDE database; in which data from more than 35 countries were subjected to various multivariate analysis techniques, in particular multiple linear regression analysis. The results obtained in the first article allow us to conclude that individuals who react quickly to opportunities seem to show better abilities to start and manage a high growth business; Smaller and younger firms appear to be a factor influencing the initiative to start and run a high growth business; The resources and public policies available in the countries are central to the initiative level of starting and managing a high growth business; National culture is also proven to influence the level of individual capacity to initiate and manage high growth business. In the second article, there is a statistically significant relation between the distance of power in the society with the high growth of the firms; Uncertainty in the workplace has a negative impact on growth rates in countries; Masculinity has a negative relation with the high growth of firms, and; contrary to what was verified in the first article, there is statistical evidence to affirm that the bigger size of the firms influences the growth rates of the firms.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Internacionalização de Empresas
Keywords
Empreendedorismo Alto crescimento Empresas GEM OECD EUROSTAT HOFSTEDE
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão