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Neste trabalho pretende-se explorar de que forma é que o Estatuto Social Percecionado (ESP) se relaciona e impacta o processo de tomada de decisão face ao crédito e subsequente endividamento, recorrendo a um questionário desenhado para o efeito e com elementos utilizados em estudos de Gathergood (2012) e Adler & Stewart (2007). Este questionário foi aplicado a 312 indivíduos, a maior parte residentes no Grande Porto. Foram testadas quatro hipóteses: (i) indivíduos que relataram um valor reduzido de EPS; (ii) com menos habilitações literárias; (iii) do sexo feminino e (iv) mais jovens, apresentariam um nível de endividamento mais elevado. Realizou-se uma análise bivariada e regressão Logit para validar estas hipóteses. Para perceber de que forma é que estes indivíduos se distinguiam, criámos três grupos, com base no endividamento relatado, e explorámos quais as variáveis que distinguiam os elementos dos três grupos. Os resultados que obtivemos suportam o papel importante que o ESP tem no endividamento, estando associado não só a um endividamento excessivo, como ao sobre endividamento. Quanto às outras variáveis, apenas o sexo não demonstrou associação ao endividamento e não contribuiu significativamente para explicar o endividamento que os indivíduos demonstraram. É importante referir que os indivíduos com baixas habilitações literárias revelaram uma probabilidade considerável de aumentar o seu endividamento e que as habilitações literárias revelaram ser um fator importante na distinção entre endividados e sobre endividados. De acordo com a revisão de literatura encetada, esta variável possui uma relação forte com a literacia financeira e com o estatuto dos indivíduos na sociedade.
In this paper our aim is to explore in what way is the Perceived Social Status related to the decision-making processes in credit acquisition and indebtedness. We have used a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose, using several elements from Gathergood (2012) and Adler & Stewart (2007). This questionnaire was filled in by 312 individuals, the majority living in the Greater Porto area. Four hypotheses were tested: i) individuals who reported a lower perceived social status ii) with a lower educational level iii) female and iv) younger people would present higher levels of indebtedness. To validate these hypotheses, we have used a bivariate analysis and logit regression. To further our understanding on how these individuals differ from each other, we have split them into three groups based on their reported indebtedness. We have used these groups as a dependent variable in a discriminant analysis in order to find the variables that tell these three groups apart. The results back our notion that perceived social status plays an important role in the process of indebtedness, while also being related to over indebtedness. Of the remaining variables, only sex did not have an association or explained indebtedness. We should also point out the importance of the relation between indebtedness and education: individuals with lower educational levels had a higher chance of having larger debts. Education should also be a distinctive factor between all the three groups of indebtedness. Also, according to the literature, this variable is strongly associated with financial literacy and the social status of individuals in the society.
In this paper our aim is to explore in what way is the Perceived Social Status related to the decision-making processes in credit acquisition and indebtedness. We have used a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose, using several elements from Gathergood (2012) and Adler & Stewart (2007). This questionnaire was filled in by 312 individuals, the majority living in the Greater Porto area. Four hypotheses were tested: i) individuals who reported a lower perceived social status ii) with a lower educational level iii) female and iv) younger people would present higher levels of indebtedness. To validate these hypotheses, we have used a bivariate analysis and logit regression. To further our understanding on how these individuals differ from each other, we have split them into three groups based on their reported indebtedness. We have used these groups as a dependent variable in a discriminant analysis in order to find the variables that tell these three groups apart. The results back our notion that perceived social status plays an important role in the process of indebtedness, while also being related to over indebtedness. Of the remaining variables, only sex did not have an association or explained indebtedness. We should also point out the importance of the relation between indebtedness and education: individuals with lower educational levels had a higher chance of having larger debts. Education should also be a distinctive factor between all the three groups of indebtedness. Also, according to the literature, this variable is strongly associated with financial literacy and the social status of individuals in the society.
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Keywords
Endividamento Sobre endividamento Estatuto social percecionado Economia comportamental Indebtedness Behavioral economics Over indebtedness Perceived social status