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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os pavimentos rígidos são estruturas constituídas geralmente por lajes de betão, que são aplicadas
em rodovias, portos e aeroportos. A principal caraterística destes pavimentos é a sua resistência à
flexão, que os torna menos deformáveis, sendo capazes de distribuir as cargas provenientes do
tráfego por uma área maior. O desempenho dos pavimentos rígidos depende de diversos fatores,
como a espessura da laje de betão, a presença e a qualidade da sub-base, a utilização de barras de
transferência nas juntas e as condições climáticas, que afetam diretamente as tensões e deflexões
geradas no pavimento.
Devido à sua elevada capacidade de suportar cargas pesadas, os pavimentos rígidos apresentam uma
menor necessidade de manutenção ao longo do tempo quando comparados com outros tipos de
pavimentos, como os flexíveis. O correto dimensionamento é fundamental para garantir este
desempenho, minimizando os danos por fadiga e erosão e prolongando a sua vida útil. Ao otimizar a
estrutura desde a fase de projeto, é possível assegurar a durabilidade do pavimento e reduzir
significativamente os custos de manutenção futura.
O presente estudo foca-se na análise de diferentes métodos de dimensionamento e análise estrutural
de pavimentos rígidos, com o objetivo de determinar a melhor abordagem para assegurar a
durabilidade e eficiência destas estruturas. Foram utilizados dois tipos de metodologias de análise
estrutural: analítica, com base nas equações de Westergaard, e numérica, utilizando um programa
computacional de elementos finitos denominado de EverFE. A opção do pavimento rígido
considerada para este estudo inclui a utilização de bermas de betão e barras de transferência de
carga, de acordo com a metodologia de dimensionamento.
O dimensionamento foi realizado através da metodologia da Portland Cement Association (PCA,
1984), mais concretamente através da sua adaptação para o sistema métrico. Esta metodologia
fornece critérios de fadiga e erosão, tendo em conta as diferentes cargas a que o pavimento estará
sujeito. Foram analisadas várias configurações de pavimento, comparando os resultados das tensões
obtidos pelos métodos de análise.
No final, foi feita uma análise comparativa dos resultados, demonstrando a influência dos parâmetros
de caraterização do pavimento, como a espessura da laje, a presença de camada de sub-base, e a
presença de bermas de betão e de barras de transferência. O estudo conclui que as metodologias
utilizadas são eficientes para o dimensionamento e análise de pavimentos rígidos e oferecem uma
base sólida para futuras investigações.
Rigid pavements are structures generally made up of concrete slabs, which are used on roads, ports and airports. The main characteristic of these pavements is their resistance to bending, which makes them less deformable and capable of distributing traffic loads over a larger area. The performance of rigid pavements depends on several factors, such as the thickness of the concrete slab, the presence and quality of the sub-base, the use of dowel joint bars and the weather conditions, which directly affect the stresses and deflections generated in the structure. Due to their high capacity to withstand heavy loads, rigid pavements require less maintenance over time than other types of pavements, such as flexible pavements. The correct design is fundamental to ensuring this performance, minimizing damage due to fatigue and erosion and extending its useful life. By optimizing the structure right from the design stage, it is possible to ensure the pavement’s durability and significantly reduce future maintenance costs. This study focuses on the analysis of different methods for the design and structural analysis of rigid sidewalks, with the aim of determining the best approach to ensure the durability and efficiency of these structures. Two types of structural analysis methodologies were used: analytical, based on the Westergaard equations, and numerical, using a finite element computer program called EverFE. The rigid sidewalk option considered for this study includes the use of concrete shoulders and load transfer bars, in accordance with the design methodology. The design was carried out using the methodology of the Portland Cement Association (PCA, 1984), specifically by adapting it to the metric system. This methodology provides fatigue and erosion criteria, considering the different loads to which the sidewalk will be subjected. Various sidewalk configurations were analyzed, comparing the stress results obtained by the analysis methods. In the end, a comparative analysis of the results was carried out, demonstrating the influence of sidewalk characterization parameters, such as the thickness of the slab, the presence of a sub-base layer, and the presence of concrete shoulders and transfer bars. The study concludes that the methodologies used are efficient for the design and analysis of rigid sidewalks and provide a solid basis for future research.
Rigid pavements are structures generally made up of concrete slabs, which are used on roads, ports and airports. The main characteristic of these pavements is their resistance to bending, which makes them less deformable and capable of distributing traffic loads over a larger area. The performance of rigid pavements depends on several factors, such as the thickness of the concrete slab, the presence and quality of the sub-base, the use of dowel joint bars and the weather conditions, which directly affect the stresses and deflections generated in the structure. Due to their high capacity to withstand heavy loads, rigid pavements require less maintenance over time than other types of pavements, such as flexible pavements. The correct design is fundamental to ensuring this performance, minimizing damage due to fatigue and erosion and extending its useful life. By optimizing the structure right from the design stage, it is possible to ensure the pavement’s durability and significantly reduce future maintenance costs. This study focuses on the analysis of different methods for the design and structural analysis of rigid sidewalks, with the aim of determining the best approach to ensure the durability and efficiency of these structures. Two types of structural analysis methodologies were used: analytical, based on the Westergaard equations, and numerical, using a finite element computer program called EverFE. The rigid sidewalk option considered for this study includes the use of concrete shoulders and load transfer bars, in accordance with the design methodology. The design was carried out using the methodology of the Portland Cement Association (PCA, 1984), specifically by adapting it to the metric system. This methodology provides fatigue and erosion criteria, considering the different loads to which the sidewalk will be subjected. Various sidewalk configurations were analyzed, comparing the stress results obtained by the analysis methods. In the end, a comparative analysis of the results was carried out, demonstrating the influence of sidewalk characterization parameters, such as the thickness of the slab, the presence of a sub-base layer, and the presence of concrete shoulders and transfer bars. The study concludes that the methodologies used are efficient for the design and analysis of rigid sidewalks and provide a solid basis for future research.
Description
Keywords
Rigid pavement Design Structural analysis Methodologies Pavimento rígido Análise estrutural Dimensionamento Metodologias