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Sistemas de sobrealimentação elétricos para motores de combustão interna
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Resumo(s)
Considerando o atual panorama da indústria automóvel, a procura por alternativas
sustentáveis, o aumento de rendimento do motor de combustão interna com recurso a
sistemas mild hybrid de 48 V, entre outros, marcas e fabricantes trabalham para trazer a
tecnologia desenvolvida em Motorsport para o mercado automóvel a preços competitivos.
A presente dissertação aborda o desenvolvimento de um sistema de sobrealimentação
elétrica para motores de combustão interna, com base na utilização de um compressor
centrífugo acionado por um motor elétrico e controlado por um microcontrolador. Esta
abordagem visa responder à crescente necessidade de soluções mais eficientes,
sustentáveis e adaptáveis no setor automóvel, nomeadamente em contextos de
retrofitting e aplicações em veículos desportivos ou híbridos.
A metodologia adotada incluiu uma revisão bibliográfica aprofundada sobre os princípios
de funcionamento dos motores de combustão interna, compressores centrífugos, motores
elétricos síncronos e sistemas de controlo eletrónico. Foram também analisadas soluções
comerciais existentes, como o sistema Mercedes-AMG M139 eTurbo, e desenvolvida uma
arquitetura modular para o sistema proposto, incluindo a seleção criteriosa de
componentes, dimensionamento do sistema de transmissão e conceção de um suporte de
bancada.
Apesar do planeamento detalhado e da execução de várias fases do projeto, a
implementação prática do protótipo não foi concluída na totalidade devido a dificuldades
na adaptação mecânica do compressor. Ainda assim, os resultados obtidos na fase de
conceção e testes elétricos e de controlo, permitiram validar a viabilidade do conceito e
estabelecer uma base sólida para desenvolvimentos futuros.
Este trabalho contribui para o avanço do conhecimento na área da sobrealimentação
elétrica, propondo uma solução de baixo custo, flexível e escalável, com potencial para
aplicação em diversos contextos automóveis. As limitações encontradas reforçam a importância de uma abordagem iterativa e multidisciplinar no desenvolvimento de
sistemas mecatrónicos complexos.
Taking into consideration the status of the automotive industry, the search for sustainable alternatives, the increase in the performance of the internal combustion engine using 48 V mild hybrid systems, among others, brands and manufacturers work to bring the technology developed in Motorsport to the automotive market at competitive prices. The present dissertation addresses the development of an electric supercharging system for internal combustion engines, based on the use of a centrifugal compressor driven by an electric motor and controlled by a microcontroller. This approach aims to respond to the growing need for more efficient, sustainable and adaptable solutions in the automotive sector, namely in retrofitting contexts and applications in sports or hybrid vehicles. The methodology adopted included an in-depth literature review on the operating principles of internal combustion engines, centrifugal compressors, synchronous electric motors and electronic control systems. Existing commercial solutions, such as the Mercedes-AMG M139 eTurbo powertrain, were also analyzed and a modular architecture for the proposed system was developed, including the careful selection of components, drivetrain selection and a bench stand concept. Despite the detailed planning and execution of several phases of the project, the practical implementation of the prototype was not fully completed due to difficulties in the mechanical adaptation of the compressor. Even so, the results obtained in the design phase and electrical and control tests allowed the feasibility validation of the concept and establish a solid basis for future developments. This work contributes to the advancement of knowledge in electrical supercharging, proposing a low-cost, flexible and scalable solution, with potential for application in various automotive contexts. The limitations found reinforce the importance of an iterative and multidisciplinary approach in the development of complex mechatronic systems.
Taking into consideration the status of the automotive industry, the search for sustainable alternatives, the increase in the performance of the internal combustion engine using 48 V mild hybrid systems, among others, brands and manufacturers work to bring the technology developed in Motorsport to the automotive market at competitive prices. The present dissertation addresses the development of an electric supercharging system for internal combustion engines, based on the use of a centrifugal compressor driven by an electric motor and controlled by a microcontroller. This approach aims to respond to the growing need for more efficient, sustainable and adaptable solutions in the automotive sector, namely in retrofitting contexts and applications in sports or hybrid vehicles. The methodology adopted included an in-depth literature review on the operating principles of internal combustion engines, centrifugal compressors, synchronous electric motors and electronic control systems. Existing commercial solutions, such as the Mercedes-AMG M139 eTurbo powertrain, were also analyzed and a modular architecture for the proposed system was developed, including the careful selection of components, drivetrain selection and a bench stand concept. Despite the detailed planning and execution of several phases of the project, the practical implementation of the prototype was not fully completed due to difficulties in the mechanical adaptation of the compressor. Even so, the results obtained in the design phase and electrical and control tests allowed the feasibility validation of the concept and establish a solid basis for future developments. This work contributes to the advancement of knowledge in electrical supercharging, proposing a low-cost, flexible and scalable solution, with potential for application in various automotive contexts. The limitations found reinforce the importance of an iterative and multidisciplinary approach in the development of complex mechatronic systems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Electric supercharger efficiency internal combustion engines mild hybrid motores de combustão interna sobrealimentação rendimento Supercharger elétrico