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Abstract(s)
Desde o final do século XVIII, quando se iniciou a revolução industrial, o crescimento económico tem sido assente num consumo elevado de combustíveis fósseis que libertam gases com efeito de estufa. A emissão destes gases e a escassez dos combustíveis fósseis são temas que, desde as últimas duas décadas do século XX, ocupam um lugar de destaque nas agendas de política mundial.
A produção de energia através de fontes renováveis surge como alternativa e poderá ser a solução para países com escassos recursos de origem fóssil, como é o caso de Portugal, minimizando também a sua dependência energética do exterior.
Uma das medidas de incentivo lançada pelo Governo Português em 2007, foi a criação de um regime simplificado aplicável à microprodução descentralizada de eletricidade através de fontes de energia renováveis e de cogeração.
À semelhança da maioria dos países europeus, o principal meio de promoção destes sistemas em Portugal foram as Feed-in-Tariffs, que consistem numa tarifa de venda de energia elétrica de origem renovável acima da tarifa de mercado. Estas tarifas permitiram, sobretudo, o crescimento do setor fotovoltaico em Portugal.
Atualmente, o amadurecimento da tecnologia fotovoltaica, associado ao constante aumento das tarifas de energia elétrica, permite que se torne vantajosa a instalação de sistemas fotovoltaicos para autoconsumo. Neste contexto, o atual Governo Português, criou recentemente um regime jurídico aplicável à produção de eletricidade para autoconsumo.
O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar, com base na minha experiência profissional, a metodologia de dimensionamento de uma central fotovoltaica ligada à Rede Elétrica de Serviço Público. Será utilizado como objeto de estudo um projeto constituído por 28 centrais fotovoltaicas de Miniprodução de 100 kW, dispersas por Portugal Continental, para o qual será efetuada a análise financeira do investimento.
Pretende-se ainda apresentar o novo enquadramento legislativo para o Autoconsumo e Pequena Produção distribuída, detalhar as suas principais caraterísticas e efetuar um estudo económico para cada um destes regimes.
Since the end of the 18th century, when the industrial revolution began, the economic growth has been based on a high fossil fuels consumption that releases greenhouse gases. The emission of these gases and the scarcity of fossil fuels are topics that, since the last two decades of the 20th century, have an important highlight on the world politics agenda. The production of energy from renewable sources appears as an alternative and it could be a solution for countries with limited fossil fuels resources, such as Portugal, besides reducing their dependency for abroad energy sources. One of the stimulus measures launched by the Portuguese Government in 2007 was the creation of a simplified regime for decentralized microgeneration of electricity through renewable energy sources and cogeneration. Like the majority of the European countries, the primary means of promotion for these systems in Portugal were the Feed-in-Tariffs which consists in a selling price of electricity from renewable energy above the market rate rise. These tariffs allowed, mainly, the growth of the photovoltaic sector in Portugal. Nowadays, the photovoltaic technology mature, combined with the constant increase of electricity rates, enables self-consumption photovoltaic systems to be advantageous. In this context, the current Portuguese Government recently created a legal regime for the production of electricity for self-consumption. The objective of this study is to demonstrate, based on my professional experience, the methodology of sizing for a grid-connected photovoltaic plant. The object of this study will be a project composed by 28 Miniprodução photovoltaic plants across Portugal, for which will be made the investment’s financial analysis. It will be also presented the new legislative framework for self-consumption and distributed small production, detailing his main features and making an economic study for each of these regimes.
Since the end of the 18th century, when the industrial revolution began, the economic growth has been based on a high fossil fuels consumption that releases greenhouse gases. The emission of these gases and the scarcity of fossil fuels are topics that, since the last two decades of the 20th century, have an important highlight on the world politics agenda. The production of energy from renewable sources appears as an alternative and it could be a solution for countries with limited fossil fuels resources, such as Portugal, besides reducing their dependency for abroad energy sources. One of the stimulus measures launched by the Portuguese Government in 2007 was the creation of a simplified regime for decentralized microgeneration of electricity through renewable energy sources and cogeneration. Like the majority of the European countries, the primary means of promotion for these systems in Portugal were the Feed-in-Tariffs which consists in a selling price of electricity from renewable energy above the market rate rise. These tariffs allowed, mainly, the growth of the photovoltaic sector in Portugal. Nowadays, the photovoltaic technology mature, combined with the constant increase of electricity rates, enables self-consumption photovoltaic systems to be advantageous. In this context, the current Portuguese Government recently created a legal regime for the production of electricity for self-consumption. The objective of this study is to demonstrate, based on my professional experience, the methodology of sizing for a grid-connected photovoltaic plant. The object of this study will be a project composed by 28 Miniprodução photovoltaic plants across Portugal, for which will be made the investment’s financial analysis. It will be also presented the new legislative framework for self-consumption and distributed small production, detailing his main features and making an economic study for each of these regimes.
Description
Keywords
Energias Renováveis Solar Fotovoltaico Microprodução Miniprodução Unidades de Produção (UP) Unidades para Autoconsumo (UPAC) Unidades de Pequena Produção (UPP) Renewable Energy Solar Photovoltaics Production Units (UP) Self-consumption Units (UPAC) Small Production Units (UPP)