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- Conductive ink vs force sensing resistors in plantar pressure soles: WalkinSense®, MyCareShoe® and DIAPODALPublication . Morales, Isabel; Martins, Pedro; Silva, Carolina; Marques, Arcelina; Mendes, Joaquim; Simini, FrancoWe compare plantar pressure data obtained by MyCareShoe® (nine sensors), which uses a proprietary variable resistance conductive ink with DIAPODAL (eight sensors), which utilizes standard force sensing resistors. Both sys tems are then compared to WalkinSense®, a well established pressure system that uses eight force sensing piezoresistors. Our objective is to validate the pressure measurements of DIAPODAL. The assessment protocol consisted of different combinations of the three sensing systems (Test 1 to Test 5). We repeated six times of eight steps each, taken by a healthy volunteer. We analized the signals of the eight common loca tions of the three systems. We detected plantar pressure peaks and calculated the pressure time integral. The pressure for DIAPODAL ranged from 43 to 477 kPa, and the pressure time integral from 75 to 375 kPas over the tests. The equivalence of MyCareShoe® and DIAPODAL with WalkinSense®, taken as the standard for peak plantar pressure measurements was found to be 34% for MyCareShoe® and 69% for DIAPODAL. Considering pressure time integral, the equivalence was 92% to DIAPODAL and 68% to MyCareShoe® which confirm consistency. Record ing of simultaneous plantar soles WalkinSense®/ MyCareShoe® and WalkinSense®/DIAPODAL was consistent for repeatability and linearity (Pearson correlation coefficient, > 0.85 in 80% of the eight-stride series). These findings confirm equivalence between force sensing resistors and conductive ink for pressure measurements. A reliable pressure distribution pattern at 100 Hz can therefore be used as basic information to design a multi variable approach to detect foot conditions by means of real time step detection.
- Preliminary Tests with Screen-Printed Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors on PET and Textile SubstratesPublication . Martins, Pedro; Silva, Carolina; Oliveira, Juliana; Marques, Maria ArcelinaThe search for more practical and economically advantageous solutions to produce flexible and printable pressure sensors, is giving rise to new approaches with promising results. The production of conductive and piezoresistive inks for application on flexible and stretchable substrates is a sign of this evolution. In this paper, we propose to analyze the results of some calibration tests, performed with pressure-sensitive piezoresistive sensors screen-printed on PET and textile substrates. The results showed that these sensors generally follow a trend with a strong approximation to the linear model. The textile sensor is the most linear (R 2 = 0.99), and PET sensor (S1) has a higher sensitivity (40.4 mV/kPa) than the other sensors. Results obtained are, in general, within the expected behavior for the piezoresistive ink used and allowed for comparing between sensors printed in PET and textile substrates. A positive factor to consider lies in the possibility of using the screen-printing technology on different substrates, preferably in textile fabric.