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- EEG analysis of the construction of empathy towards people with Schizophrenia, after exposure to virtual reality environmentsPublication . Marques, André; Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Sá, Catarina; Marques, António; Pereira, JavierSchizophrenia is considered a complex syndrome, with multifactorial neurodevelopmental alterations. Empathy is a complex fundamental component of human emotional experience, which influences one's emotions and behavior. On the Electroencephalogram, an activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is characterized by a decrease in alpha activity. The main objective of this work is to understand if the immersive tools of Virtual Reality influence the electrical activity of the brain and the heart. The two immersive tools were able to increase empathy, mainly by altering prefrontal brain activity as well as heart rate.
- Adaptive model for biofeedback data flows management in the design of interactive immersive environmentsPublication . Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Marques, António; Donga, João; Sá, Catarina; Correia, António; Pereira, JavierThe interactivity of an immersive environment comes up from the relationship that is established between the user and the system. This relationship results in a set of data exchanges between human and technological actors. The real-time biofeedback devices allow to collect in real time the biodata generated by the user during the exhibition. The analysis, processing and conversion of these biodata into multimodal data allows to relate the stimuli with the emotions they trigger. This work describes an adaptive model for biofeedback data flows management used in the design of interactive immersive systems. The use of an affective algorithm allows to identify the types of emotions felt by the user and the respective intensities. The mapping between stimuli and emotions creates a set of biodata that can be used as elements of interaction that will readjust the stimuli generated by the system. The real-time interaction generated by the evolution of the user’s emotional state and the stimuli generated by the system allows him to adapt attitudes and behaviors to the situations he faces.
- Feedback em tempo real para a medição não invasiva da atividade cerebral e frequência cardíaca em ambientes imersivosPublication . Gomes, Paulo Veloso; Sá, Catarina; Marques, António; Pereira, Javier; Correia, António; Donga, JoãoOs ambientes imersivos criam experiências impactantes e têm grande potencial para gerar emoções que incrementam o grau de empatia. O feedback em tempo real permite aferir as reações do utilizador ao ambiente a que é exposto. As emoções são parte do processo de empatia, da capacidade complexa de compartilha do estado afetivo de outro indivíduo. A empatia é uma capacidade indispensável para compreender os pensamentos e emoções da pessoa com doença mental, garantindo uma comunicação eficiente entre esta, o profissional de saúde e o cuidador informal. As emoções são comumente agrupadas em emoções positivas (ativação frontal esquerda) e emoções negativas (ativação frontal direita). Os estados emocionais embora possam refletir uma dinâmica de rede neuronal em larga escala têm vindo a ser estudados para compreender a interpretação e o processamento das emoções a nível cortical. A eletroencefalografia é utilizada conjuntamente com técnicas de neuroimagem como métodos de registo e análise das regiões cerebrais responsáveis pelas emoções básicas, sendo elas a área occipital, o córtex visual e a região frontal.
- Knowledge and beliefs about herb/supplement consumption and herb/supplement–drug Interactions among the general population, including healthcare professionals and pharmacists: a systematic review and guidelines for a smart decision systemPublication . Dores, Artemisa R.; Peixoto, Miguel; Castro, Maria; Sá, Catarina; Carvalho, Irene P.; Martins, Andreia; Maia, Eva; Praça, Isabel; Marques, AntónioThe increased consumption of a variety of herbs/supplements has been raising serious health concerns. Owing to an inadequate understanding of herb/supplement–drug interactions, the simultaneous consumption of these products may result in deleterious effects and, in extreme cases, even fatal outcomes. This systematic review is aimed at understanding the knowledge and beliefs about the consumption of herbs/supplements and herb/drug–supplement interactions (HDIs). The study follows the PRISMA guidelines. Four online databases (Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane; and EBSCOhost) were searched, and a total of 44 studies were included, encompassing 16,929 participants. Herb and supplement consumption is explained mostly by the reported benefits across multiple conditions and ease of use. Regarding HDIs, most people take both herbs/supplements and prescription drugs simultaneously. Only a small percentage of participants have knowledge about their interaction effects, and many reported adverse interactions or side effects. Nevertheless, the main reason for stopping the prescribed drug intake is the perceived lack of its effect, and not due to interactions. Therefore, it is important to increase the knowledge about supplement use so that further strategies can be elaborated to better detect or be alert for whenever a potentially dangerous reaction and/or interaction may occur. This paper raises awareness regarding the need for developing a decision support system and ends with some considerations about the development of a technological solution capable of detecting HDIs and, thereby, aiding in the improvement of pharmacy services.